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Diabetes Management: Somogyi Effect, Dawn Phenomenon, and Lipodystrophy

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Diabetes Management: Somogyi Effect, Dawn Phenomenon, and Lipodystrophy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Somogyi effect?

Hyperglycemia in the morning (7-8 am)

Hypoglycemia between 2-4am

Increased bedtime insulin dosage (correct)

Decreased bedtime insulin dosage or giving a bedtime snack

What is the recommended approach to managing the Dawn phenomenon?

Increase the bedtime dose of insulin (correct)

Avoid eating breakfast

Decrease the bedtime dose of insulin

Administer a glucagon injection before bed

What is the primary cause of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)?

Insulin excess

Dehydration alone

Excessive glucagon secretion

Insulin deficiency (correct)

Which of the following is the correct approach to rotating insulin injection sites?

Use the same site for 7 days, then rotate to a new site for the next 7 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of hypoglycemia?

Hot and dry skin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of hyperglycemia?

Hypoglycemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most appropriate injection site for long-acting insulin?

Abdomen (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about insulin detemir is true?

It is more likely to be administered in the morning (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiencing severe dizziness, confusion, and tremors is most likely exhibiting signs of:

Hypoglycemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis?

Seizures (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following insulin preparations combines a rapid-acting and an intermediate-acting insulin?

Lispro and lispro protamine (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what time of day is a patient most likely to experience hypoglycemia if taking long-acting insulin?

2 AM - 4 AM (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended injection site for insulin?

Calves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin has the fastest onset of action?

Rapid-acting insulin analogs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)?

Rapid weight gain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential symptom of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended target range for fasting blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes?

80-130 mg/dL (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended target for Hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with diabetes?

Less than 7% (C) Signup and view all the answers