Diabetes Overview and Management

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Questions and Answers

What HbA1c percentage should be equal to or greater than to diagnose diabetes?

5.7 -- 6.4%

< 5.7%

≥ 6.5% (correct)

6.0 -- 6.4%

Which of the following is a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

Regular physical activity

Family history of diabetes (correct)

Low blood pressure

High levels of HDL cholesterol

At what age should adults without risk factors begin screening for diabetes?

60 years

50 years

30 years

45 years (correct)

Which lifestyle change is recommended to reduce the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes?

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with Type 1 Diabetes?

Polydipsia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Type 2 Diabetes is true?

Most individuals with T2DM are obese. Signup and view all the answers

What is the MNT for GDM?

Carbonated controlled meal plan Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended screening time for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

At 24 to 28 weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of untreated GDM?

Macrosomia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetes management?

To assess day-to-day glycemic control Signup and view all the answers

What long-term risks are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus?

Higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

For which group of patients is bariatric surgery considered?

Severely obese patients with T2DM Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily fiber intake for individuals with diabetes?

25-38 grams Signup and view all the answers

What is the target A1C level recommended for most adults with diabetes?

< 7.0% Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is considered the first-line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes?

Metformin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of C-peptide measurement in distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

It indicates the level of endogenous insulin production. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Metformin?

It decreases hepatic glucose production. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of Sulfonylureas?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What type of diabetes requires exogenous insulin for management?

Type 1 Diabetes only Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of insulin refers to how quickly it begins to work?

Onset of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for diabetes?

Energy balance and glycemic control Signup and view all the answers

Which micronutrient is often considered unnecessary for individuals with diabetes who do not have deficiencies?

Multivitamins Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate method for determining long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients?

A1C testing Signup and view all the answers

How often should A1C testing be performed in stable diabetes patients?

Biannually Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential skill for effective diabetes self-management?

Blood glucose monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key focus of diabetes self-management education?

Understanding dietary choices Signup and view all the answers

What is a common microvascular complication of diabetes?

Neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a macrovascular complication associated with diabetes?

Dyslipidemia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuropathy is characterized by pain or numbness in the feet and hands?

Peripheral neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated diabetic neuropathy?

Increased risk of falls Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary risk factor for developing diabetic retinopathy?

Elevated A1C levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death among individuals with diabetes?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is commonly used in diabetes prevention programs?

Lifestyle modification through diet and exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications mimics incretin hormones to aid in diabetes treatment?

GLP-1 receptor agonists Signup and view all the answers

What significant advantage do SGLT2 inhibitors provide in the management of diabetes?

Reduction of cardiovascular risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of continuous glucose monitoring for diabetes patients?

It provides real-time glucose readings. Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most likely to benefit from continuous glucose monitoring technology?

Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used in behavioral interventions?

Motivational interviewing Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary approach is often recommended for individuals with diabetes?

Mediterranean diet Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is specifically used for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes management?

Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of behavioral interventions in managing diabetes?

Lifestyle changes and self-management skills Signup and view all the answers

Which comorbidity is frequently associated with diabetes?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is known to aid in weight loss for diabetes management?

GLP-1 receptor agonists Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications has recently been developed for diabetes management?

DPP-4 inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What medication class facilitates reduction in glucose reabsorption by the kidneys?

SGLT2 inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

How can social determinants influence diabetes management?

They can influence access to care and resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common potential side effect of Sulfonylureas in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal action of Metformin in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Decrease hepatic glucose production Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medication can enhance glucose dependent insulinsecretion and suppress post prandial glucagon secretion?

GLP-1 like peptide 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications primarily stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells?

Glinides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

Enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with the use of Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is a key mechanism involved in the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?

Increased fat breakdown and ketone production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a prominent symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory finding is typically observed in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Low serum bicarbonate levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common treatment approach for managing diabetic ketoacidosis?

Oral hypoglycemic agents Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of inadequate treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glucose Intolerance Categories

Prediabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus are categories of glucose intolerance.
Type 3 Diabetes is not a category.

HbA1c and Diabetes

An HbA1c level of ≥ 6.5% indicates diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors

Family history of diabetes is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
Lack of physical activity can be a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
High levels of HDL cholesterol are not a risk factor.

Diabetes Screening

Adults without risk factors should begin screening for diabetes at age 45.

Prediabetes Management

Metformin is the primary medication recommended for preventing diabetes in prediabetic individuals.

Type 2 Diabetes Lifestyle Changes

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Increased physical inactivity is not a recommended or helpful way to prevent diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes Defect

Beta-cell destruction is the primary defect in Type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms

Polydipsia (excessive thirst) is a symptom of Type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes Characteristics

Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90–95% of all diabetes cases.
Obesity is a significant factor in most cases of Type 2 diabetes.
One common treatment is combining lifestyle changes with oral medications.

Gestational Diabetes Screening

Gestational diabetes screening typically occurs between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes Complications

A potential complication of untreated gestational diabetes is macrosomia (large baby size).
Another potential complication of untreated gestational diabetes is high blood pressure.
Another potential complication of untreated gestational diabetes is an increased need for exogenous insulin.

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Description

This quiz covers essential information about different types of diabetes, including prediabetes, Type 1, and Type 2 diabetes. It discusses risk factors, screening guidelines, and management strategies such as lifestyle changes and the role of medications. Test your knowledge on the crucial aspects of diabetes and how to manage it effectively.