30 Questions
What is the estimated financial cost of diabetes to the Australian community?
More than $10 billion
Compared to the non-indigenous population, the indigenous population is how much more likely to have diabetes?
More than 3 times as likely
What is the primary criterion for diagnosing diabetes?
Symptoms of diabetes plus a random blood glucose concentration ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
What is the term for a fasting plasma glucose level of 6.1 mmol/L to 6.9 mmol/L?
Impaired fasting glucose
What proportion of diabetes deaths is attributed to individuals aged 55-64 years in the indigenous population compared to non-indigenous individuals?
4 times greater
What is the characteristic metabolic disorder of diabetes?
Hyperglycaemia
How many Australians develop diabetes every day?
280
What is the estimated number of Australians with diabetes by 2031?
3.3 million
How many Australians have developed diabetes in the past year?
120,000
What percentage of Australians with diabetes remain undiagnosed?
25%
How often does a new case of diabetes occur in Australia?
Every 5 minutes
What is the total number of Australians with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes?
1.8 million
What is the main mechanism of non-enzymatic glycosylation in diabetes?
Glucose interacts with amino groups on proteins leading to AGEs
What is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Deficiency of insulin is mild relative to that of type 1 DM
What is a secondary cause of diabetes?
All of the above
What is the result of non-enzymatic glycosylation over a lifetime?
Irreversible accumulation of AGEs over lifetime of blood vessels
What is a complication of diabetic renal disease?
Atherosclerosis
What is the name of the test that measures the average blood glucose levels over a period of time?
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Which mechanism is not a main contributor to diabetic complications?
Intracellular hypoglycaemia with disturbances in polyol pathways
What is not a manifestation of diabetic renal disease?
Acute tubular necrosis
What is the criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes?
Fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0mmol/L and 2 hr plasma glucose ≥11.1 (during oral glucose tolerance test)
What is true about type 1 DM and type 2 DM?
Type 2 DM is more common than type 1 DM
What is false about glucagon?
Glucagon works by improving the uptake of glucose from the blood across cell membranes into cells
What is the mechanism that operates to control blood glucose levels?
Negative feedback mechanism
What is a long-term complication of diabetes affecting multiple organs?
Gastroparesis
What is the characteristic morphological change observed in the pancreas in late complications of diabetes?
Reduction in size
Which of the following is a common vascular complication in diabetes?
Retinopathy
What is the microvascular change that occurs in diabetic ocular complications?
Diffuse thickening of the basement membrane
Which vascular complication in diabetes is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and renal insufficiency?
Atherosclerosis
What is a characteristic pathological finding in diabetic nephropathy?
Diffuse thickening of the basement membrane
Learn about the prevalence and impact of diabetes in Australia, including statistics on death rates and financial costs. Explore the disparities in diabetes rates between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Understand the definition of diabetes as a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia.
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