Diabetes Epidemiology Study in China

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Questions and Answers

How many respondents were enrolled in the cross-sectional epidemiological survey?

  • 3922 (correct)
  • 5000
  • 1000
  • 3000

What type of survey was conducted to gather the data?

  • Longitudinal survey
  • Randomized controlled trial
  • Case-control study
  • Cross-sectional survey (correct)

How many cases of diabetes were reported among the respondents?

  • 809
  • 709
  • 409
  • 609 (correct)

What was the methodology used for collecting data in the survey?

<p>National unified questionnaire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of the survey conducted?

<p>Epidemiological survey (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of subjects in the study?

<p>397 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions had the highest number of cases in the study?

<p>Dyslipidemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age (in years) of the subjects in this study?

<p>53.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many female subjects participated in the study?

<p>119 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group comprised the least number of subjects in the study?

<p>Type 2 diabetes cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many participants were included in the Physicians' Health Study?

<p>21,841 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the demographic of the participants in the Physicians' Health Study?

<p>U.S. male physicians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to report the occurrence of diabetes and Parkinson's disease in the study?

<p>Self-reported questionnaires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases were self-reported in the Physicians' Health Study?

<p>Diabetes and Parkinson's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study design was utilized in the Physicians' Health Study?

<p>Cohort study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to calculate adjusted relative risk for Parkinson's disease?

<p>Time-varying Cox regression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many individuals with Parkinson's disease were identified over the 23-year period?

<p>556 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease was the focus of the study using time-varying Cox regression?

<p>Parkinson's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of statistical analysis is time-varying Cox regression primarily associated with?

<p>Survival analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Over what duration were the individuals with Parkinson's disease identified?

<p>23 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) for Parkinson's disease in subjects with diabetes?

<p>1.34 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.01-1.77 suggest about the findings?

<p>The risk estimate is uncertain and varies around 1.34. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor was controlled for in assessing the risk of Parkinson's disease in diabetic subjects?

<p>Vascular disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a relative risk of 1.34 imply for individuals with diabetes compared to those without?

<p>Diabetics have a 34% higher risk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the association between diabetes and Parkinson's disease is correct?

<p>The association is significant even after excluding certain populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group showed a more apparent diagnosis of diabetes?

<p>Men with short diabetes duration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor appeared to influence the diagnosis of diabetes among men?

<p>The duration of diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic exhibited a notable clustering of diabetes diagnosis with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Middle-aged men with short diabetes duration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between diabetes complications and the diagnosis of diabetes?

<p>Diagnosis was more apparent in those without complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is less likely to show an apparent diagnosis of diabetes according to the information provided?

<p>Women with diabetes complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Subjects in study

279 males and 119 females, with an average age of 53.5 years.

Type 2 diabetes cases

A group of 53 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Dyslipidemia cases

130 participants with lipid disorders.

Comorbidity cases

58 participants with multiple health conditions.

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Control group

155 participants without the specific conditions studied.

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Study location

One city office in Tokyo.

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Epidemiological Survey

A study that investigates the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations.

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Cross-sectional Survey

A type of study that collects data from a population at a single point in time.

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Face-to-Face Survey

A survey where participants are interviewed in person.

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National Unified Questionnaire

A standardized survey instrument used across the entire country.

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3922 Respondents

The total number of individuals participating in the survey.

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609 Cases of Diabetes

The number of participants diagnosed with diabetes.

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Physicians' Health Study

A cohort study of U.S. male physicians.

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Cohort Study

A long-term study of a group of people sharing a particular characteristic.

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21,841 participants

The number of men in the Physicians' Health Study.

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Self-reported data

Information collected directly from participants about their health.

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Diabetes and Parkinson's

Medical conditions investigated in the study.

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Diabetes Diagnosis Clustering

Diabetes diagnoses were linked to Parkinson's disease diagnoses.

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Time-varying Cox regression

A statistical method to adjust for changes in risk factors over time, used to calculate relative risk.

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Parkinson's disease

A progressive neurological disorder affecting movement.

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Diabetes Duration & Men

Shorter diabetes duration was associated with more diabetes diagnoses in men.

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Adjusted relative risk (RR)

Relative risk calculated considering other factors influential on the risk of Parkinson's.

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Diabetes Complications & Diagnosis

Individuals without diabetes complications had a higher chance of diabetes diagnosis.

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23 years

The duration of the study.

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556 individuals

The number of Parkinson's disease patients identified in the study.

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Diabetes and Parkinson's Risk

Subjects with diabetes had a higher risk of Parkinson's disease.

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Increased Risk Ratio

Subjects with diabetes had a 1.34 times higher risk of Parkinson's (adjusted).

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95% Confidence Interval

The range where the true risk likely resides (1.01-1.77).

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Vascular Disease Exclusion

The association remained significant even after removing those with known vascular disease.

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Study Notes

Diabetes Epidemiology Study in Shenyang, China

  • Study Type: Cross-sectional epidemiological survey
  • Participants: People aged 40 years and older in Shenyang, China
  • Sample Size: 3922 respondents, 609 with diabetes
  • Prevalence: 15.5% prevalence of diabetes
  • Rural vs. Urban: Higher prevalence in rural areas (17.7%) compared to urban areas (14.2%)
  • Gender Differences: No significant difference in prevalence between men and women (14.8% vs. 16.1%)
  • Risk Factors: Advanced age, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were identified as influencing factors.
  • Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates:
    • Awareness: 82.3%
    • Treatment: 36.6%
    • Control of fasting plasma glucose: 17.1%
    • Awareness rates were higher in men in different age groups. Treatment rates were higher in women.

Case-Control Study of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors (Japan)

  • Study Type: Case-control study
  • Focus: Association between physical activity and type 2 diabetes
  • Participants: Middle-aged Japanese (53.5±6.8 years old). Included cases of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia alone, comorbidity, and controls.
  • Methods: Self-administered questionnaires, including Baecke's questionnaire (to assess physical activity) and data on other lifestyle factors.
  • Findings: Physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and the comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. The odds ratio of the fourth quartile to lowest level was 0.31 (for type 2 diabetes) and 0.32 (for comorbidity)
  • Conclusion: Physical activity was associated with reduced type 2 diabetes and comorbidity, particularly in the context of sex and age.

Prospective Cohort Study of Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease Risk

  • Study Type: Prospective cohort study
  • Participants: 21,841 U.S. male physicians
  • Objective: To evaluate the association between type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease
  • Duration: 23 years of follow-up
  • Results:
    • Increased risk of Parkinson's disease among individuals with diabetes (multivariable-adjusted RR = 1.34) after adjusting for potential confounders like vascular disease.
    • Association remained significant even after excluding those with known vascular disease.
    • Diabetes diagnosis was often close in time to Parkinson's disease diagnosis, particularly in men with short duration of diabetes and no diabetes complications.
  • Conclusion: The findings do not suggest that diabetes precedes Parkinson's disease in this specific population.

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