Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is Diabetes?
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition where the body has problems with insulin production or use, leading to abnormal blood sugar levels.
Type 1 diabetes can be inherited genetically.
Type 1 diabetes can be inherited genetically.
True
What hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low?
What hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low?
Which type of diabetes occurs mainly due to lifestyle factors?
Which type of diabetes occurs mainly due to lifestyle factors?
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A hypo is considered a score lower than _____ mmol/L.
A hypo is considered a score lower than _____ mmol/L.
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What is the target glucose level before eating?
What is the target glucose level before eating?
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What is the onset time for rapid acting insulin like Novolog?
What is the onset time for rapid acting insulin like Novolog?
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A hyperglycaemic episode is defined as blood glucose levels exceeding 11 mmol/L.
A hyperglycaemic episode is defined as blood glucose levels exceeding 11 mmol/L.
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Name one main symptom of a hyperglycaemic episode.
Name one main symptom of a hyperglycaemic episode.
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What is the main purpose of insulin in the body?
What is the main purpose of insulin in the body?
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Long acting insulin types include Detemir (Levemir), Glargine (Lantus), and _____ (Tresiba).
Long acting insulin types include Detemir (Levemir), Glargine (Lantus), and _____ (Tresiba).
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Study Notes
Diabetes Overview
- Diabetes results from the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
- Two main types: Type 1 and Type 2, with a third type known as Gestational diabetes.
- Homeostatic mechanism: Insulin lowers blood sugar after eating, while Glucagon raises it during fasting.
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
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Type 1 Diabetes:
- Can be genetic or autoimmune.
- Results in little to no insulin production due to pancreatic damage.
-
Type 2 Diabetes:
- Often linked to lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.
- Characterized by insulin resistance where cells do not respond effectively to insulin.
-
Gestational Diabetes:
- Mimics Type 2 and typically resolves after childbirth.
-
Pre-diabetes:
- Elevated blood sugar levels that may progress to Type 2 if untreated, but can be reversible with lifestyle changes.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
- Normal blood glucose levels:
- Targeted between 4mmol/L and 7mmol/L before meals, and 8-9mmol/L after meals.
- Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar below 4mmol/L.
- Hyperglycemia: Blood sugar above 7mmol/L after fasting or over 11mmol/L during other tests.
Insulin Types and Characteristics
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Rapid-Acting Insulin (e.g., Lispro, Novolog):
- Onset: 30 minutes
- Peak: 1-2 hours
- Duration: 3-5 hours
-
Short-Acting Insulin (e.g., Actrapid, Humulin):
- Onset: 30-60 minutes
- Peak: 3 hours
- Duration: 8 hours
-
Intermediate-Acting Insulin (e.g., Humulin I):
- Onset: 1-2 hours
- Peak: 10 hours
- Duration: 11-24 hours
-
Long-Acting Insulin (e.g., Detemir, Glargine, Degludec):
- Onset: 30-40 minutes
- No peak; duration of 24 hours.
Hyperglycaemic Episodes
- Symptoms: Excessive urination, fatigue, increased thirst and hunger.
- Common causes: Infections, surgery stress, missed insulin doses, and corticosteroids.
- Treatment: Administer insulin to lower blood glucose levels.
Long-Term Complications
- Chronic high blood sugar can lead to vascular damage, risking strokes and organ failure.
- Increased susceptibility to infections due to excess glucose.
- Potential outcomes include Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS).
Nursing Interventions
- Monitor blood glucose levels regularly.
- Assess patient symptoms and check for DKA.
- Administer fast-acting insulin (e.g., Novarapid) as per protocol.
- Provide IV fluids and potassium supplements if critically low.
- Encourage hydration if the patient is conscious.
- Evaluate insulin delivery systems for functionality.
- Document all symptoms and nursing actions for team awareness.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of diabetes, including the different types such as Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes. Understand the physiological mechanisms involved in blood sugar regulation and the significance of blood glucose monitoring. Explore preventive measures and lifestyle changes to manage diabetes effectively.
