Diabetes and Insulin Quiz

Beta cells, located in the pancreatic islets, are responsible for producing and releasing insulin into the bloodstream.

Insulin's primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. It also promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage.

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway responsible for breaking down glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in the process.

Glycogenesis is the process of converting excess glucose into glycogen, a storage form of glucose, primarily in the liver and muscles.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, particularly during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake.

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, releasing it back into the bloodstream to increase blood sugar levels.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute deficiency in insulin production. This autoimmune disorder typically develops in childhood or adolescence.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond effectively to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. It's often associated with lifestyle factors like obesity and inactivity, and typically develops in adulthood.

Metformin can cause a metallic taste in the mouth, and gastrointestinal upset. It's best taken with food.

Metformin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing glucose production in the liver.

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It usually appears between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.

Insulin is the primary treatment for gestational diabetes. Metformin is a second-line option.

Glyburide, a sulfonylurea class drug, is also used to treat gestational diabetes. However, it's less commonly used than insulin and metformin.

A condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in high blood sugar.

Genetic predisposition, family history of type 2 diabetes, age over 35, high BMI (over 25), high blood pressure (hypertension), high levels of fats (lipids) in the blood, and certain medications can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Thiazolidinediones, like pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are not recommended for patients with heart or liver issues.

Sulfonylureas are a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin.

The most common type of diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, where the body does not use insulin effectively.

Meglitinides, like repaglinide and nateglinide, are another class of insulin secretagogues. They are often used for patients with a sulfonylurea allergy.

A calculation used to assess body fat based on height and weight.

A test used to diagnose diabetes by measuring the average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months.

A blood test that measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast.

A blood test that measures blood sugar levels 2 hours after consuming a sugary drink.

A condition that can develop as a complication of diabetes, affecting various parts of the body, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart.

A specialized category of diabetes medications that increase insulin sensitivity, helping the body use insulin more effectively.

A class of diabetes medications that stimulate insulin production from the pancreas.

A class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which breaks down incretin hormones that stimulate insulin release. This helps to lower blood glucose levels.

A drug that slows down the absorption of carbohydrates from the gut, reducing post-meal blood sugar spikes. It is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.

This class of drugs works by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine.

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

The target blood sugar level that an individual with diabetes aims for.

A commonly used drug for diabetes that improves the body's sensitivity to insulin and reduces glucose production by the liver.

A method for adjusting the dose of a medication based on a specific factor, such as blood glucose levels.

A measure of glucose levels in the blood. It is often used to monitor diabetes management.