Diabetes Management Quiz

<p>Gangrene leading to possible amputation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mimic natural insulin secretion but require regular blood glucose monitoring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases the use of glucose by cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowers blood glucose and nutrient levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitated diffusion via channel transporters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver cells (A), Brain cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of fatty acids in cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin is a polypeptide hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes lipogenesis and fat storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic macroangiopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickening of the epithelial basement membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete loss of vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic nephropathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leads to dehydration and worsens acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of bacterial and fungal infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory deficits and motor weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic foot ulcers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are unable to take up glucose effectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrosomia or very large size at birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>muscle wasting and tissue breakdown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent insulin resistance after pregnancy is common (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood glucose causing glucose to spill into urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolism of body fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells switch to alternative energy pathways, causing energy starvation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrosomia, leading to delivery complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are starved of energy despite sufficient food intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles.

The breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, releasing it into the bloodstream.

The creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or lactic acid.

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps lower blood glucose levels.

A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels.

A condition characterized by low blood glucose levels.

A condition characterized by raised blood glucose levels following the digestion and absorption of food containing both carbohydrates and proteins. This triggers the release of insulin.

Glucose, a highly soluble sugar, moves into cells following a concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Special proteins embedded in the cell membrane act as channels for glucose to pass through. They have a hydrophilic interior to interact with glucose and a hydrophobic exterior to integrate with the cell membrane.

When insulin is present, it triggers active transport, a process that requires energy (ATP), to move glucose into cells.

Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels by promoting the storage of excess nutrients.

Insulin increases the permeability of cell membranes, allowing more glucose to enter muscle and connective tissue cells.

Insulin stimulates the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen, a storage form of glucose, primarily in the liver and muscles.

Insulin promotes the uptake of amino acids by cells, leading to increased protein synthesis.

Insulin promotes the formation of fatty acids and their storage in adipose tissue (fat).

A deficiency in insulin or its function results in diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.

A condition in pregnancy where the mother's blood glucose levels are high, often due to the body's inability to produce enough insulin.

A baby born larger than average due to excess fat storage, often related to gestational diabetes.

The breakdown of fat in the liver for energy production, leading to the creation of ketone bodies.

A buildup of ketones in the blood, making it acidic, which can be life-threatening.

When blood glucose spills into the urine because the body cannot use it.

Excessive urine production due to the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb water.

Excessive thirst resulting from dehydration caused by polyuria.

Excessive eating due to a lack of energy being provided by glucose.

A condition where blood supply to the extremities is compromised due to diabetes-related damage to small and large blood vessels.

Nerve damage caused by diabetes, leading to decreased sensation, especially in the feet.

Kidney damage caused by diabetes, often leading to kidney failure.

Damage to the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision loss and even blindness.

Diabetes treatment involves precise monitoring of blood sugar levels, insulin therapy (injections or pumps), regular healthy meals, and exercise.

A serious complication of diabetes where the body's blood sugar levels are too high for an extended period.

A complication of diabetes that affects large blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

A complication of diabetes that primarily affects small blood vessels, leading to vision loss, kidney damage, and nerve damage.

The most common type of lesion in diabetic macroangiopathy, characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries.

People with diabetes are more susceptible to infections, especially bacterial and fungal infections.