Dextrose & Glucagon Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the generic name for Dextrose?

Lasix

Glucose (correct)

Glucagon

Furosemide

What classification does Dextrose belong to?

Nutritional (carbohydrate)

What is the primary action of Dextrose?

A monosaccharide that provides glucose calories for metabolic needs.

What are the indications for using Dextrose?

Diabetics who are unable to take oral fluids due to altered consciousness and low blood glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for administering Dextrose?

Diabetic coma with excessive blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

What are potential adverse effects of Dextrose?

Extravasation leading to tissue necrosis, reactive hypoglycemia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard adult dose for Dextrose?

25g D50W IV—may repeat as appropriate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pediatric dose for Dextrose?

D25W, slow IV or IO push, 0.5g/kg up to 25g. Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken while administering Dextrose?

Avoid infiltration of IV during infusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the generic name for Glucagon?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What classification does Glucagon belong to?

Antihypoglycemic, antidote Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Glucagon?

Raises blood glucose level. Signup and view all the answers

What are the indications for using Glucagon?

Treatment of severe hypoglycemia without IV access. Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Glucagon?

Known hypersensitivity to the drug Signup and view all the answers

What are potential adverse effects of Glucagon?

Hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the adult dose for Glucagon?

1 mg IM, or 3-10 mg IV for overdose cases. Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when dosing Glucagon in pediatric patients?

0.03-0.1 mg/kg IM or SQ, may be repeated in 20 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the generic name for Lasix?

Furosemide Signup and view all the answers

What classification does Lasix belong to?

Loop diuretic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Lasix?

Blocks the absorption of sodium and chloride, increasing urine output. Signup and view all the answers

What are the indications for using Lasix?

Acute pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, hypertensive emergencies. Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Lasix?

Hypovolemia Signup and view all the answers

What are potential adverse effects of Lasix?

Vertigo, headache, dizziness, dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the adult dose for Lasix?

0.5-1 mg/kg IV or IO over 1-2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pediatric dose for Lasix?

1 mg/kg IV or IO. Signup and view all the answers

What important consideration should be noted regarding Lasix?

Vasodilation should occur within 5 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dextrose

Generic and Trade Name: Generic name is glucose; trade name is Dextrose.
Classification: Classified as a nutritional carbohydrate.
Actions: Monosaccharide that supplies glucose calories essential for metabolic functions.
Indications: Used for diabetics unable to ingest oral fluids due to altered consciousness and low blood glucose.
Contraindications: Not suitable during diabetic coma with high blood sugar or in cases of intracranial and intraspinal hemorrhage.
Adverse Effects: Extravasation may cause necrosis of surrounding tissue; reactive hypoglycemia can occur post-infusion.
Adult Dose: Administer 25g of D50W IV; may repeat as necessary.
Pediatric Dose: For patients aged four years and older with a blood glucose of 60 mg/dl, use D25W, slow IV or IO push, at 0.5g/kg up to a maximum of 25g.
Neonate Dose: Given D12.5W at 0.25g/kg via slow IV or IO push.
Precautions: Avoid infiltration during IV infusion to prevent tissue damage, necrosis, and phlebitis.

Glucagon

Generic and Trade Name: Generic name is Glucagon; trade name is GlucoGen.
Classification: Functions as an antihypoglycemic and antidote.
Action: Elevates blood glucose levels by inducing glycogen breakdown in the liver, typically effective within 10 minutes. Half-life of 8 to 18 minutes; mechanism in beta-blocker overdose is unclear.
Indications: Effective treatment for severe hypoglycemia when IV access is not available; also helpful for reversing adverse beta-blockade effects.
Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals with known drug hypersensitivity or hyperglycemia.
Adverse Effects: Can cause hyperglycemia if overdosed; other effects may include nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity reactions, increased blood pressure, and heart rate.
Adult Doses: Administer 1 mg IM after reconstituting with sterile water for symptomatic diabetic patients with successful IV access; for beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose, give 3-10 mg IV slowly.
Pediatric Doses: Hypoglycemic children require 0.03 - 0.1 mg/kg IM or SQ; for overdoses, give 0.05 - 0.15 mg/kg IV or IO over 3 - 5 minutes.
Considerations: Administer cautiously in patients with low releasable glucose; may potentiate oral anticoagulants and deplete glycogen stores in children and adolescents.

Lasix

Generic and Trade Name: Generic name is Furosemide; trade name is Lasix.
Classification: A loop diuretic.
Action: Blocks sodium and chloride absorption in distal and proximal tubules and the loop of Henle, enhancing urine output.
Indications: Used for acute pulmonary edema in patients with systolic blood pressure of 90 without shock; treats edema in congestive heart failure and hypertensive emergencies.
Contraindications: Not recommended for anuria, severe progressive renal disease, hypovolemia, suspected electrolyte imbalance, or hypersensitivity to the drug; use is limited in children, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
Adverse Effects: Possible side effects include vertigo, headaches, dizziness, paresthesia, restlessness, dehydration, hypotension, transient deafness (from rapid IV infusion), visual disturbances, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, muscle spasms, and electrolyte imbalances.
Adult Dose: Start with 0.5 - 1 mg/kg IV or IO over 1 - 2 minutes; may double the dose to 2 mg/kg if no response is observed.
Pediatric Dose: Administer 1 mg/kg IV or IO.
Considerations: Effects will begin with vasodilation within 5 minutes and diuresis in 30 minutes. Its usage is declining due to potential nephrotoxic effects compared to alternatives like CPAP.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to Dextrose and Glucagon, including their definitions, classifications, and actions. Ideal for medical students and healthcare professionals to reinforce their understanding of these important substances.