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Questions and Answers
What is Dextrose 50% commonly known as?
What is Dextrose 50% commonly known as?
- Glucose 50%
- Dextrose 10%
- Dextrose 25%
- D50 (correct)
What class does Dextrose 50% belong to?
What class does Dextrose 50% belong to?
- Vitamin
- Carbohydrate (correct)
- Protein
- Lipid
What is the mechanism of action of Dextrose 50%?
What is the mechanism of action of Dextrose 50%?
It serves as an aerobic metabolic substrate for ATP production and reverses CNS effects of hypoglycemia.
What is the primary indication for field use of Dextrose 50%?
What is the primary indication for field use of Dextrose 50%?
One contraindication for Dextrose 50% is known ______ deficiency.
One contraindication for Dextrose 50% is known ______ deficiency.
Which of the following is an adverse reaction of Dextrose 50%?
Which of the following is an adverse reaction of Dextrose 50%?
What should Dextrose 50% not be administered through?
What should Dextrose 50% not be administered through?
What is the adult dosage range of Dextrose 50% for hypoglycemia?
What is the adult dosage range of Dextrose 50% for hypoglycemia?
What is the recommended pediatric dosage for Dextrose 50%?
What is the recommended pediatric dosage for Dextrose 50%?
How should Dextrose 50% be administered?
How should Dextrose 50% be administered?
What is the onset of action for Dextrose 50%?
What is the onset of action for Dextrose 50%?
What special note must be considered before administering Dextrose 50%?
What special note must be considered before administering Dextrose 50%?
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Study Notes
Dextrose 50% Overview
- Also known as D50.
- Classified as a carbohydrate and hyperglycemic agent.
Mechanism of Action
- Serves as an aerobic metabolic substrate for ATP production.
- Rapidly increases serum glucose levels, reversing central nervous system effects of hypoglycemia.
- Provides short-term osmotic diuresis.
Indications for Use
- Primarily indicated for known hypoglycemia.
Contraindications
- Relative contraindication in known thiamine deficiency; thiamine should be given first if suspected.
- Use with caution in cases of delirium tremens or acute alcoholism, as effectiveness may be reduced without thiamine.
Adverse Reactions
- Risk of cerebral edema in children when administered IV undiluted.
- May worsen elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) or cerebral edema due to trauma or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA).
- Extravasation can lead to severe tissue necrosis; ensure IV access is secure.
- Can cause sclerosing effects on peripheral veins.
Incompatibilities and Drug Interactions
- Sodium bicarbonate is incompatible.
- Diazepam (Valium) can precipitate if given without flushing the line.
Adult Dosage
- For hypoglycemia, administer 12.5-25 grams IV (half to whole ampoule).
- Repeat after 10 minutes if blood glucose levels do not increase (1 ampoule = 25 grams in 50 mL).
Pediatric Dosage
- Administer 0.5-1 gram/kg of a dextrose 10% solution slowly over 20 minutes.
- D50 should be diluted to a 1:4 solution for pediatric use (e.g., mix one amp of D50 in a 250 mL bag of normal saline resulting in a dextrose 10% solution).
Routes of Administration
- Administered via IV bolus rapidly.
Onset and Duration
- Onset of action occurs in seconds.
- Peak effects and duration of action are variable.
Special Notes
- Blood glucose levels must be determined prior to the administration of dextrose.
- Avoid administration through small veins to minimize complications.
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