Dextrose 10% Overview and Pharmacology

Study Notes

Dextrose 10% Overview

Drug classification: Carbohydrate / Anti-hypoglycemic, used to manage low blood sugar levels.

Mechanism of Action

Rapidly elevates serum blood glucose levels, providing quick energy.
Induces short-term osmotic diuresis, influencing fluid balance.

Pharmacokinetics

Onset of action occurs in less than 1 minute, ensuring rapid response.
Peak effects vary based on individual metabolism and conditions.
Duration of action and half-life are also variable and patient-dependent.

Indications for Use

Primarily indicated for the treatment of hypoglycemia, a critical condition where blood sugar levels fall dangerously low.

Contraindications

Should not be administered in cases of intracranial hemorrhage, as it may exacerbate the condition.

Side Effects

Risk of tissue necrosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and ischemia.
Potential for pulmonary edema and sensations of warmth, pain, or burning at infusion sites.
Hyperglycemia can occur due to excessive glucose levels.

Dosage Guidelines for Adults

Administer 25 g slow IV/IO until neurological status improves and blood glucose levels exceed 60 mg/dL, with a maximum dose of 25 g (equivalent to a 250 mL premixed infusion).

Dosage Guidelines for Pediatrics

Dosage is calculated at 0.5 g/kg IV/IO, with similar goals for mental status and blood glucose levels, capped at 25 g.

Precautions

Exercise caution when administering to patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) or cerebral edema.

Drug-Drug Interactions

No known significant interactions with other drugs in emergency medical services (EMS) settings.

Description

Explore the various aspects of Dextrose 10%, a carbohydrate drug used to manage low blood sugar levels. This quiz covers its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, and potential side effects. Test your understanding of this crucial anti-hypoglycemic treatment.