Pharmacology: Calcium Chloride and Dextrose Administration
38 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of Dextrose?

  • Rapidly increases serum glucose levels (correct)
  • Rapidly decreases serum calcium levels
  • Rapidly increases serum potassium levels
  • Rapidly decreases serum sodium levels

    • What is the maximum field adult dosing of 50% dextrose IV?

  • 250 mL of 50% dextrose
  • 25 mL of 50% dextrose
  • 50 mL of 50% dextrose (correct)
  • 100 mL of 50% dextrose

    • What is a special consideration when administering Diazepam?

  • Do not administer to patients with known allergy
  • Do not administer to patients with known kidney disease
  • Do not administer to patients with known stroke unless hypoglycemia is documented (correct)
  • Do not administer to patients with known heart failure

    • What is the pediatric dose of Diazepam for seizures?

    <p>0.1 mg/kg IV/IO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of Dextrose administration?

    <p>Cerebral hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Calcium Chloride and Sodium Bicarbonate administrations be separated?

    <p>To prevent adverse cardiac reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Diazepam?

    <p>Benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade name of Diazepam?

    <p>Valium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of alpha stimulation on peripheral vascular resistance?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for using epinephrine in anaphylaxis?

    <p>Severe refractory wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using epinephrine in a patient with coronary insufficiency?

    <p>Coronary insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis in an adult?

    <p>0.3 mg IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of beta 1 stimulation on heart rate?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of beta 2 stimulation on bronchial smooth muscle?

    <p>Relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special consideration before administering epinephrine?

    <p>Correct hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis?

    <p>25 kgs 0.3 mg IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using the IV route for administering diphenhydramine in severe anaphylactic shock?

    <p>To achieve faster onset of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for dopamine administration in a patient with cardiac arrhythmias?

    <p>Uncorrected tachydysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of dopamine at infusion rates of 1 to 2 mcg/kg/min?

    <p>Vasal dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of diphenhydramine for pediatric patients >2 years of age and >12 kg for antiemetic effects?

    <p>0.1 mg/kg up to 25 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for dopamine administration in a patient with bradycardia?

    <p>Second-line treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the side effect of diphenhydramine that may cause respiratory distress?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for diphenhydramine administration in a patient with a history of asthma?

    <p>Use with caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of dopamine?

    <p>Endogenous catecholamine, adrenergic, vasopressor, inotropic agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of alpha stimulation on peripheral vascular resistance?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for Epinephrine 1:10,000 in adults?

    <p>Cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum single dose of Epinephrine 1:10,000 in pediatric patients?

    <p>1 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for Epinephrine 1:10,000 in pregnant patients?

    <p>Active labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary classification of Etomidate?

    <p>Nonbarbiturate hypnotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of Etomidate?

    <p>Labor/delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Push Dose Epinephrine (Epi 1:100,000)?

    <p>Sympathomimetic, sympathetic agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of Etomidate for adults?

    <p>0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg IV/IO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of beta 1 stimulation on heart rate?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade name of Fentanyl Citrate?

    <p>Sublimaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for Push Dose Epinephrine (Epi 1:100,000)?

    <p>Profound bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of Fentanyl Citrate?

    <p>Known hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dose of Epinephrine 1:10,000?

    <p>1 mg every 3 to 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of Etomidate administration?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dextrose

    • Classification: Carbohydrate
    • Action: Rapidly increases serum glucose levels, produces short-term osmotic diuresis
    • Indications: Hypoglycemia
    • Contraindications: None in the emergency setting
    • Adult dose: Maximum field adult dosing is 25 g of 50% dextrose IV
    • Pediatric dose: 0.5 to 1 g/kg D10, D25 IV/IO
    • Side Effects: Cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia, warmth, pain, burning

    Diazepam

    • Classification: Benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant
    • Action: Depresses the Central Nervous System (CNS) by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter
    • Produces skeletal muscle relaxation, raises the seizure threshold, induces amnesia and sedation
    • Indications: Uncontrolled shivering due to hypothermia, active seizures
    • Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, neurologic or respiratory depression, narrow angle glaucoma, head injury
    • Adult dose: 2 mg IV/IO for shivering, 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO maximum 4mg for seizures
    • Pediatric dose: 2 mg IV/IO for shivering, 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO maximum 4mg for seizures
    • Side Effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, and amnesia

    Dopamine

    • Classification: Endogenous catecholamine, adrenergic, vasopressor, inotropic agent
    • Action: At doses of 1 to 2 mcg/kg/min, causes vasal dilation in the renal, mesenteric, coronary, and industrial vascular beds
    • At doses 2 to 10 mcg/kg/min, dopamine stimulates beta-1 receptors, increasing myocardial contractility and enhancing cardiac impulse conduction
    • At infusion rates of 10 to 20 mcg/kg/min, dopamine stimulates alpha receptors resulting in vasoconstriction, increased systemic vascular resistance and a rise in BP
    • Indications: Refractory cardiogenic or distributive shock, hypotension with low cardiac output states, second line drug for symptomatic bradycardia
    • Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, hypovolemia, uncorrected tachydysrhythmias, VF
    • Adult dose: IV/IO infusion at 5 to 20 mcg/kg/min, slowly titrate to patient response
    • Side effects: Headache, anxiety, dyspnea, dysrhythmias, hypertension, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting

    Epinephrine 1:1000

    • Classification: Sympathomimetic, sympathetic agonist
    • Action: Catecholamine with strong alpha adrenergic, strong beta 1, and moderate beta 2 effects
    • Effects of alpha stimulation result in systemic vasoconstriction, increasing peripheral vascular resistance
    • Effects of beta 1 stimulation results in increases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, cardiac output, and myocardial oxygen demand
    • Effects of beta 2 stimulation result in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
    • Indications: Bradycardia, shock, anaphylaxis, severe refractory wheezing, (IM) croup/bronchiolitis (nebulized)
    • Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, coronary insufficiency, uncontrolled hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock
    • Adult dose: Anaphylaxis: 0.3 mg IM in the anterior lateral thigh; Respiratory distress: 5 ml of 1 mg/ml nebulized
    • Pediatric dose: Anaphylaxis: 0.3 mg IM in anterior lateral thigh; Respiratory distress: 5 ml of 1 mg/ml nebulized
    • Side Effects: Nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor, dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased myocardial oxygen demand, hypertension, palpitations, nausea, vomiting

    Epinephrine 1:10,000

    • Classification: Sympathomimetic, sympathetic agonist
    • Action: Catecholamine with strong alpha adrenergic, strong beta 1, and moderate beta 2 effects
    • Effects of alpha stimulation result in systemic vasoconstriction, increasing peripheral vascular resistance
    • Effects of beta 1 stimulation results in increases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, cardiac output, and myocardial oxygen demand
    • Indications: Cardiac arrest
    • Contraindications: None in cardiac arrest
    • Adult dose: 1 mg every 3 to 5 minutes or every other 2-minute assessment
    • Pediatric dose: 0.01 mg/kg every 3 to 5 minutes or every other 2-minute assessment
    • Side Effects: Nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor, dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased myocardial oxygen demand, hypertension, palpitations, nausea, vomiting

    Push Dose Epinephrine

    • Classification: Sympathomimetic, sympathetic agonist
    • Action: Catecholamine with strong alpha adrenergic, strong beta 1, and moderate beta 2 effects
    • Effects of alpha stimulation result in systemic vasoconstriction, increasing peripheral vascular resistance
    • Effects of beta 1 stimulation results in increases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, cardiac output, and myocardial oxygen demand
    • Indications: Profound bradycardia, shock unresponsive to IV fluids
    • Contraindications: Patients in active labor
    • Side Effects: Nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor, dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased myocardial oxygen demand, hypertension, palpitations, nausea, vomiting

    Etomidate

    • Classification: Nonbarbiturate hypnotic, anesthesia induction agent
    • Action: Ultra short acting hypnotic that produces rapid sedation with minimal cardiovascular or respiratory depression
    • Indications: Premedication for medicated facilitated intubation or procedural sedation
    • Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, labor/delivery, or septic shock, particularly in children
    • Adult/Pediatric dose: 0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg IV/IO over 30 to 60 seconds
    • Side Effects: Apnea of short duration, respiratory depression, hypoventilation, hyperventilation, nystagmus, dysrhythmias, hypertension, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, transient involuntary skeletal movements

    Fentanyl Citrate

    • Classification: Opioid analgesic; Synthetic opioid
    • Action: Bind to opioid receptors, producing analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and sedation
    • Indications: Pain management, anesthesia adjunct, severe respiratory distress (palliative care)
    • Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, administer with caution to patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale less than 15, hypotension, hypoxia after maximal supplemental oxygen therapy, or signs of hypoventilation
    • Side Effects: Respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, dysrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension, hypoventilation

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the administration of Calcium Chloride and Dextrose, including their actions, indications, and contraindications.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser