Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main idea behind the Control Theory?
What is the main idea behind the Control Theory?
What is the term coined by Durkheim to describe a state of normlessness?
What is the term coined by Durkheim to describe a state of normlessness?
Which perspective argues that deviance is a product of the culture we live in?
Which perspective argues that deviance is a product of the culture we live in?
What is the primary focus of the Labeling Perspective?
What is the primary focus of the Labeling Perspective?
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Which of the following is an example of a deviant behavior according to the Innovators category?
Which of the following is an example of a deviant behavior according to the Innovators category?
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Which perspective suggests that people with power protect their interests and define deviance to suit their needs?
Which perspective suggests that people with power protect their interests and define deviance to suit their needs?
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What is deviance in the context of sociology?
What is deviance in the context of sociology?
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Who coined the term 'stigma'?
Who coined the term 'stigma'?
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What is the primary source of conforming and obedient behavior?
What is the primary source of conforming and obedient behavior?
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What is an example of deviant use of technology?
What is an example of deviant use of technology?
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What is social control in the context of sociology?
What is social control in the context of sociology?
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What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
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Study Notes
Deviance and Social Norms
- Deviance: behavior that violates a group or society's standards of conduct or expectations
- Involves the violation of group norms, which may or may not be formalized into a law
Deviance and Social Stigma
- Stigma: labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups (coined by Erving Goffman)
Deviance and Technology
- Technological innovations can redefine social interactions and standards of behavior
- Deviant uses of technology: e.g., downloading music without permission (copyright infringement)
Social Control
- Techniques and strategies to prevent deviant human behavior in a society
- Informal social control: enforcing norms through social interactions
- Formal social control: carried out by authorized agents
Types of Social Control
- Sanctions: penalties and rewards for conduct concerning social norms
- Conformity: going along with peers of similar status who have no special right to direct behavior
- Obedience: compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure
Control Theory
- Connection to society leads to conformity to societal norms
- Suggests that social bonds prevent deviance
Sociological Perspectives
Functional Perspective
- Deviance is a common part of human existence
- Deviance helps define the limits of proper behavior
- Punishment helps establish acceptable behavior and contributes to stability
Interactionist Perspective
- Explains why rule violations continue despite pressure to conform and obey
- Cultural transmission: learning how to behave in social situations, properly or improperly
Social Disorganization Theory
- Social relationships in a community or neighborhood affect people's behavior
- Breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions can lead to increased deviance
Labeling Perspective
- Social class plays a role in varying fortunes of deviants
- Labeling Theory explains why certain people are viewed as deviants and not others
Social Constructionist Perspective
- Deviance is a product of the culture we live in
- Focuses on the decision-making process that creates deviant identity
Conflict Perspective
- Explains why society has laws against crimes
- Criminal laws reflect competing values and beliefs
- People with power protect their interests and define deviance to suit their needs
Feminist Perspective
- Suggests that many approaches to deviance and crime were developed with only men in mind
Merton's Theory of Deviance
Modes of Adaptation
- Conformity: accepting societal goals and means
- Innovation: accepting societal goals but pursuing them with improper means
- Ritualism: abandoning the goal of material success and becoming compulsively committed to institutional means
- Retreatism: rejecting societal goals and means
- Rebellion: replacing societal goals and means with new ones
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Description
This quiz covers the concept of deviance, including its relation to social norms, stigma, and technology. It explores how deviance violates societal expectations and how technology can redefine social interactions and standards of behavior.
