Developmental Theorists and Their Theories

Theorists of Human Development and Personality

• Sigmund Freud introduced the Theory of Human Development and Personality, emphasizing Psychosexual Development and the importance of satisfying erogenous zones.
• Erik Erikson expanded Freud's theory, highlighting socialization as a crucial process and proposing the Psychosocial Stages of Development.
• Jean Piaget focused on development through active involvement, with education as a key element, and identified Stages of Cognitive Development.
• Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development and developed the stages of Moral Reasoning Behavior.

Behaviorist Perspective

• Development is an effect of learning, and different types of learning contribute to development.
• Individual experiences lead to differences in development.
• Development occurs when existing behaviors are organized.
• Environment shapes behaviors, with biological factors setting limits.
• Development is not directly related to biologically determined stages.

Middle and Late Adolescence: Changes and Transitions

• Physical, physiological, and psychological changes occur during this stage.
• Identity crisis is a critical aspect, with James Marcia's four statuses of youth:
  • Identity Diffused
  • Foreclosed
  • Moratorium
  • Identity Achieved

Social Interests, Emotional Stability, and Maturity Level

• Goals of connecting with others, being accepted, and being oneself are essential.
• Healthy relationships, emotional maturity, and managing stress are crucial for development.

Freedom and Independence

• The drive for independence and potential conflicts with parents and authorities are significant.
• Positive independence and the responsibility it entails are essential for development.

Test your knowledge on prominent developmental theorists and their theories such as Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development, Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, Jean Piaget's cognitive development stages, and Lawrence Kohlberg's moral reasoning stages. Explore how these theorists have shaped our understanding of human development.