Questions and Answers
What does developmental psychology primarily study?
According to Gesell, child development follows:
The sequence of development that starts from the head and moves to the tail is known as:
What is 'tabula rasa' as proposed by John Locke?
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According to Baltes, development is:
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Which process refers to changes in thought, intelligence, and language?
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What period of development involves rapid physical growth and vulnerability to environmental influences?
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Which psychologist is known for developing the 'Maturation Theory'?
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The 'zone of proximal development' was introduced by:
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Which parenting style is characterized by warmth and nurturance, but also sets limits?
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In Piaget’s stages, at what stage do children start to use symbolic thinking?
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During which stage in Erikson’s theory do individuals work on establishing relationships or risk isolation?
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Which term refers to changes in a person’s age relative to biological health?
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Which researcher is known for the Bobo doll experiment?
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Which is NOT a characteristic of development according to Baltes?
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Who proposed that the mind operates on unconscious desires and repressed ideas?
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Which type of reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?
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The ability to resist an immediate reward for a later, larger reward was tested in:
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Which of these refers to attachment theory?
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The process by which children begin to repeat pleasurable actions discovered by chance is called:
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Which process involves adapting current knowledge structures in response to new experiences?
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Which theorist is associated with moral development and the Heinz Dilemma?
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What stage of moral development is characterized by punishment avoidance?
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In Erikson's 'Industry vs. Inferiority' stage, what is the key social influence?
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Which term describes the emotional bond between a child and their caregiver?
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What is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors through rewards or punishments?
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychology
- Primarily studies human growth and changes throughout life.
- Explores physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development.
Child Development Theories
- Arnold Gesell proposed that child development follows predictable stages determined by heredity.
- Individual development paths can vary significantly, but there are underlying predictable stages.
Developmental Sequences
- The cephalocaudal sequence describes development that starts from the head and moves toward the tail.
- The proximodistal sequence refers to development that starts from the center of the body and moves outward.
Philosophical Concepts
- 'Tabula rasa' suggests that the mind is a blank slate at birth, lacking inherent traits.
Lifelong Development
- Paul Baltes emphasized that development is lifelong, multidimensional, and contextually influenced.
- Development occurs through various interconnected approaches.
Types of Development Processes
- Cognitive processes involve changes in thought, intelligence, and language.
- Major developmental stages include infancy, childhood, and adolescence, all undergoing physical changes and environmental influences.
Key Developmental Psychologists
- Arnold Gesell developed the Maturation Theory, focusing on natural growth patterns in children.
- Lev Vygotsky introduced the concept of the 'zone of proximal development,' which refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with guidance.
- Albert Bandura is known for the Bobo doll experiment, which demonstrated observational learning.
Parenting Styles
- Authoritative parenting combines warmth, nurturance, and limits, promoting healthy development.
Piaget's Cognitive Development Stages
- In the preoperational stage, children begin to use symbolic thinking after the sensorimotor stage.
Erikson’s Developmental Stages
- Early adulthood is characterized by individuals focusing on establishing intimate relationships or risking isolation.
- "Industry vs. Inferiority" stage highlights the importance of peer groups and education.
Aging and Development
- Biological age refers to a person's age relative to biological health rather than chronological age.
Learning Theories
- Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
- Operant conditioning involves reinforcing behaviors through rewards or punishments.
Testing Self-Regulation
- The Marshmallow Test assessed the ability to resist immediate rewards for larger, delayed benefits.
Attachment Theory
- John Bowlby developed attachment theory, which focuses on the emotional bond between a child and their caregiver.
Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development and introduced the Heinz Dilemma to explore ethical reasoning.
- Preconventional stage is marked by behavior primarily aimed at avoiding punishment.
Interaction and Socialization
- The process of repeating pleasurable actions discovered by chance is known as secondary circular reactions.
- Attachment forms an essential emotional bond critical for social development.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles and stages of developmental psychology. This quiz covers key concepts including human growth, development stages, and influential theories. Great for psychology students and anyone interested in understanding human development.
