Developmental Psychology Overview
16 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of these periods is characterized by an increase in the number of dendrites and axons in the brain?

  • Prenatal Period
  • Adolescence
  • Early Childhood (correct)
  • Adulthood

    • Which of these is NOT a category of teratogens?

  • Environmental pollution (correct)
  • Diseases and malnutrition
  • Exposure to X-rays and stress exposure
  • Legal and illegal drugs

    • Which stage of prenatal development begins with conception and ends with implantation in the uterus?

  • Embryonic Period
  • Germinal Period (correct)
  • Early Childhood
  • Fetal Period

    • Which of these is a key area of change during early childhood physical development?

    <p>Motor Development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the biopsychosocial model?

    <p>The model primarily focuses on the individual's genetic makeup (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Interactionist perspective in developmental psychology emphasizes the interplay of which two factors?

    <p>Nature and Nurture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a significant life milestone for women in middle age?

    <p>Menopause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a theoretical debate in developmental psychology?

    <p>Biology vs. Psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two processes that contribute to the growth and change of schemas?

    <p>Assimilation and Accommodation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

    <p>Post-Operational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment style is characterized by a child showing moderate distress when the mother leaves and is happy when she returns?

    <p>Securely attached (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in Kohlberg's model of moral development?

    <p>Ego-centric orientation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary conflict faced during the stage of young adulthood?

    <p>Intimacy vs. Isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between primary and secondary aging?

    <p>Primary aging refers to gradual changes, while secondary aging refers to age-related changes caused by disease, disuse, or neglect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Harlow's work with monkeys, what is the primary factor influencing the formation of attachment bonds?

    <p>Proximity to the mother (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

    <p>Independence vs. Dependence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Developmental Psychology

    Study of age-related changes in behavior and mental processes throughout life.

    Nature vs. Nurture

    Debate on whether heredity or environment plays a larger role in development.

    Continuity vs. Stages

    Debate over whether development occurs gradually or in distinct stages.

    Stability vs. Change

    Debate over whether characteristics remain stable or change over time.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Biopsychosocial Model

    Interactionist perspective combining biological, psychological, and social factors in development.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Teratogens

    Environmental agents that cause damage during prenatal development.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Germinal Period

    First stage of prenatal development from conception to implantation in the uterus.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adolescence

    Period of significant physical changes typically marked by puberty.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cognitive Development

    Piaget’s theory explains how infants progress cognitively in stages.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Schemas

    Basic units of intellect that organize interactions with the environment.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Assimilation

    Absorbing new information into existing schemas without change.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Accommodation

    Adjusting old schemas or forming new ones to incorporate new information.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Ainsworth's Types of Attachment

    Three styles of attachment identified through the Strange Situation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kohlberg's Moral Development

    A model outlining six stages of moral reasoning grouped into three levels.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

    Eight stages of development where individuals face basic conflicts.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Climacteric

    A stage in men's life marking physical and emotional changes in late adulthood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Development of AL Psychology

    • The field of developmental psychology focuses on age-related changes in behavior and mental processes throughout the lifespan, from conception to death.

    Lecture Overview

    • The lecture covers various aspects of development, including physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development, concluding with the challenges of adulthood.

    Life Span Development (Table 9.1)

    • Prenatal: Conception to birth
    • Infancy: Birth to 18 months
    • Early Childhood: 18 months to 6 years
    • Middle Childhood: 6-12 years
    • Adolescence: 12-20 years
    • Young Adulthood: 20-45 years
    • Middle Adulthood: 45-60 years
    • Later Adulthood: 60 years to death

    Studying Development

    • Theoretical debates include: nature vs. nurture (heredity vs. environment); continuity vs. stages (gradual vs. distinct periods of change); stability vs. change (characteristics maintained vs. different).
    • The Interactionist perspective is preferred by psychologists, evolving into the biopsychosocial model.

    Prenatal and Early Childhood Development

    • Prenatal physical development begins at conception.
    • Three periods:
      • Germinal period: From conception to implantation in the uterus.
      • Embryonic period: From uterine implantation to the eighth week.
      • Fetal period: From the eighth week to birth.

    Hazards to Prenatal Development

    • Teratogens are environmental agents that cause damage during prenatal development.
    • Categories include: legal and illegal drugs, diseases, malnutrition, exposure to X-rays, and stress exposure. Specific examples given in the provided tables relate these to possible effects on the developing child.

    Early Childhood Physical Development

    • Key areas of change include brain development, motor development, and sensory/perceptual development.

    Brain Development

    • Neurons grow in size, and the number of dendrites and axons increases.

    Motor Development

    • Active movement skills emerge in an orderly sequence (e.g., chin up, roll over, sit, stand, walk, etc.) and measurable time frames. Specific ages of milestones are noted.

    Sensory and Perceptual Development

    • The senses of smell, taste, touch, and hearing are well-developed at birth.
    • Vision is less developed at birth.

    Adolescence and Puberty

    • Many physical changes occur during adolescence and puberty, including underarm hair growth, breast development, menstrual cycle, and genital maturation; the role of hormonal changes in these processes are noted.

    Adulthood:

    • Middle Age: Menopause is a significant life event for women, and male climacteric occurs in men.
    • Late Adulthood: Primary aging (gradual changes) and secondary aging (disease-related changes) occur.

    Cognitive Development

    • Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages.
    • Schemas are the basic units of intellect, acting as patterns organizing interactions with the environment.
    • Assimilation is absorbing new information into existing schemas.
    • Accommodation is adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones to fit new information.
    • Piaget's four stages of cognitive development are sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs), preoperational (2-7 yrs), concrete operational (7-11 yrs), and formal operational (11+ yrs).

    Social, Moral, and Personality Development

    • Social development includes attachment, a strong affectional bond with specific others that endures.
    • Harlow's study of monkeys investigated attachment.
    • Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure identified three types of attachment: secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent.

    Moral Development

    • Kohlberg developed a model of moral development based on responses to moral dilemmas or stories.
    • The model has preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels. Specific stages are outlined in the table.

    Personality Development

    • Erikson identified eight psychosocial stages of development.
    • Stages are: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, ego integrity vs. despair.

    Death & Dying

    • Coping with death and dying:
      • Different ages and cultures interpret and respond to death differently.
    • Kübler-Ross's stages of psychological processes surrounding death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Developmental Psychology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts of developmental psychology, focusing on the stages of life from prenatal development to later adulthood. It addresses physical, cognitive, social, and personality changes over the lifespan, along with theoretical debates such as nature vs. nurture. Test your knowledge on age-related behavioral and mental processes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser