Developmental Psychology Overview

Early traits such as shyness can persist into adulthood, but they can also change due to life experiences, social support, and environmental factors.

Key personal characteristics that promote resilience include adaptability, positivity, and emotional regulation.

The four types of age are: chronological (years since birth), biological (physical health), psychological (adaptive capacities), and social age (connectedness with others).

<p>The three patterns of aging are normal (expected aging), successful (healthy aging), and pathological (abnormal aging).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics influenced by genotype and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Community resources provide support and opportunities that enhance an individual's ability to cope with challenges and promote resilience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A warm parental relationship provides emotional support and a safe environment, which are crucial for fostering resilience in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transition from early adulthood to middle adulthood is often marked by increased responsibilities, career stability, and family development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The XY combination determines a genetically male child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence caused by errors during replication or external factors like radiation and chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The embryonic stage is marked by major organ formation, including the lungs, liver, and kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetal stage begins at approximately week 9 of pregnancy and is characterized by rapid growth and maturation of the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic mutations can lead to genetic disorders, cancer, or may have no effect at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The germinal stage lasts about two weeks after conception and involves the initial development processes post-fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sex of a child is determined by whether the sperm carries an X or Y chromosome; X results in female (XX) and Y results in male (XY).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the fetal stage, crucial systems such as the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems develop and refine their functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mother's genetic make-up can affect her resistance to teratogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males have a Y chromosome, which contains fewer genes than the X chromosome, potentially making them more vulnerable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes are two major complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe bleeding after childbirth is a common cause of maternal mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys generally exhibit greater physical strength, while girls develop fine motor skills earlier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sensorimotor stage is characterized by children experiencing the world through their senses and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By age 5, most children can skip and may start riding a bike with training wheels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Girls generally outperform boys in verbal skills, while boys may excel in spatial skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect problems with the pregnancy as early as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates images of the fetus to assess growth, detect anomalies, and monitor heart activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Screening identifies potential problems in a large population, while diagnosis provides detailed information once a problem is found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CVS analyzes a sample of the placenta for genetic disorders and is performed between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause congenital malformations, growth restrictions, or functional abnormalities in the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) are used to identify certain genetic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amniocentesis is usually performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy and involves extracting amniotic fluid for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and spina bifida are examples of such genetic disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is marked by the use of words and images to represent things, but lacks logical reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxic stress is chronic and excessive, exceeding a child's ability to cope, while positive and tolerable stress are manageable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps children understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions, which can be different from their own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It develops through social interactions and considerations of how others perceive the child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances cognitive skills and promotes critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood trauma is defined as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and can have long-lasting effects on development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children understand concrete events, logical analogies, and can perform arithmetical operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child's coping ability can influence the effects of stressors on their mental and physical health.</p> Signup and view all the answers