Developmental Psychology Overview
24 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main psychosocial crisis of Erik Erikson's fifth stage?

  • Identity vs. Confusion (correct)
  • Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Integrity vs. Despair

    • The prefrontal cortex is considered the first part of the brain to fully mature.

    False

    What are two factors that contribute to the risky behavior of adolescents?

    peer pressure, sensitivity to social evaluation

    Erik Erikson's fifth stage involves the conflict of identity vs. __________.

    <p>confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does James Marcia's identity statuses focus on?

    <p>Commitment and crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescence is a period in which the sensitivity to rewards is diminished.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge during adolescence according to Erikson?

    <p>to form a clear sense of identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the identity statuses proposed by James Marcia with their characteristics:

    <p>Identity Diffusion = No commitment, no crisis Identity Foreclosure = Commitment without crisis Identity Moratorium = Crisis without commitment Identity Achievement = Commitment after crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the formal operational stage begin according to Piaget?

    <p>11 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erikson, trust vs. mistrust is the first psychosocial stage of development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does language play in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

    <p>Language serves as the foundation for cognitive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the age range of 1.5 to 3 years, children experience the psychosocial stage of _____ vs. shame and doubt.

    <p>autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychosocial stage with its associated conflict:

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust = Needs met by caregivers Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt = Independence and doubt feeling Initiative vs. Guilt = Initiating activities without fear Industry vs. Inferiority = Competence and achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes formal operational thought?

    <p>Abstract, idealistic, and logical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the frontal lobe growth between ages 3 to 6?

    <p>Planning and organizing new actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Piaget's theories ignore the impact of culture and education on cognitive development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is private speech in the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

    <p>Talking aloud to oneself to plan strategies and regulate actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the sensorimotor stage, infants have a concept of object permanence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two processes that are responsible for how people use their schemas according to Piaget's Theory.

    <p>Assimilation and Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From ages 2 to 7, children are in the __________ stage of cognitive development.

    <p>Preoperational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of cognitive development with their key characteristics:

    <p>Sensorimotor = No concept of object permanence Preoperational = Egocentric thinking and symbolic representation Concrete Operational = Using logical reasoning in concrete situations Formal Operational = Abstract and hypothetical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of thinking is predominant in the preoperational stage?

    <p>Intuitive and egocentric thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accommodation is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a schema according to Piaget's Theory?

    <p>A concept or framework that organizes information and provides structure for interpreting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology

    • The study of growth and change throughout life.
    • Tracks the sequence of age-related changes from conception to death.

    Issues in Development

    • Nature vs. Nurture: Are developmental patterns hereditary or acquired from the environment?
    • Continuity vs. Discontinuity: Is development affected by the past?
    • Stability vs. Change: Are changes stable over time?

    Developmental Research Techniques

    • Cross-Sectional Research: Compares different age groups at the same point in time.
    • Longitudinal Research: Assesses changes in behavior over time.

    Prenatal Development

    • Germinal Stage (first 2 weeks): Begins with fertilization, zygote formation, and placenta development.
    • Embryonic Stage (2 weeks to end of 2nd month): Vital organs and bodily systems form; highly vulnerable to damage.
    • Fetal Stage (2 months to birth): Rapid body growth, muscle and bone development; rapid brain cell multiplication in the final three months. Viability point occurs around 23-25 weeks.

    Environmental Factors in Prenatal Development

    • Nutrition: Maternal malnutrition increases birth complications and neurological issues. Balanced nutrient intake is essential.
    • Stress and Emotion: Maternal stress can affect the fetus, potentially resulting in stillbirths or slower motor/cognitive development.

    Drug Use

    • Overall: All recreational, prescription, and OTC drugs increase the risk of complications.
    • Alcohol Consumption: Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with a range of congenital birth defects (like microcephaly, heart defects, etc.)
    • Tobacco Use: Increases risk of miscarriages, stillbirths, prematurity, and sudden infant death syndrome.
    • Other Drugs: Drugs of all types can affect the fetus

    Fetal Origins of Adult Diseases

    • Early events in prenatal development can influence adult health.
    • Various factors are linked, like malnutrition, some infections, and exposure to toxins.

    Physical Development in Childhood

    • Reflexes: Genetically programmed responses that disappear with maturation.
    • Motor skills: Physical abilities like walking, running, grasping that improve with age
    • The Brain: Significant neuronal development, especially in the frontal lobe areas which control planning, and organizing.

    Cognitive Development

    • Piaget's Theory: Focuses on how children's thinking changes over time- Stage theory of development.
      • Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2 years): Infants understand the world through sensory experiences and physical actions.
      • Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): Children use symbols and language, but their thinking is limited.
      • Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Logical reasoning begins.
      • Formal Operational Stage (11 years - adulthood): Abstract reasoning emerges.

    Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)

    • Emphasizes the role of social interaction in children's cognitive development, guided by interactions with parents, teachers and other adults and peers.

    Erikson's Theory of Socioemotional Development

    • Describes psychosocial stages of development, with each stage presenting unique challenges concerning identity, relationships and roles.
      • Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1.5 years): Infants develop trust when their basic needs are met.
      • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1.5-3 years): Children develop independence.
      • Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years): Children explore their surroundings and take initiative.
      • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years): Children develop a sense of competence or inferiority.

    Attachment

    • Attachment theory highlights the strong emotional connection between caregivers and infants.

    Adolescent Development

    • Physiological Changes: Physical growth spurts, puberty (hormonal changes, secondary sex characteristics), and bodily changes

    • Identity Formation: Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage is crucial for adolescence; James Marcia's identity statuses further analyze identity formation and the impact of various issues on identity formation (e.g. identity diffusion).

    Adult Development

    • Emerging Adulthood (18-25): Exploration of identity, relationships, and careers.
    • Early Adulthood (25-45): Physical prime, career development, relationship dynamics.
    • Middle Adulthood (45-65): Physical changes, potential health concerns, family dynamics.
    • Late Adulthood (65+): Physical declines, cognitive changes, emotional/intellectual coping.

    The Aging Years

    • Physiological Changes: Physical decline, cognitive changes, health concerns
    • Neural Changes Cognitive function and brain structure change with age.
    • Cognitive Changes in Aging: Impact upon learning and memory.

    Stress and Coping

    • Types of Stressors: Cataclysmic events, Personal stressors, Background stressors/daily hassles.
    • Stress Response: Short-term and long-term consequences; General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
    • Coping Mechanisms: Emotion-focused, Problem-focused
    • Resources and Support: Importance of coping styles (hardy personality and resilience) and social support.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Developmental Psychology Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating journey of human growth and change from conception to death. This quiz delves into key issues such as nature vs. nurture, continuity vs. discontinuity, and stability vs. change, as well as research techniques in developmental psychology. Test your knowledge on prenatal development stages and their significance.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser