Developmental Psychology Overview

<p>Heritability reflects the proportion of variation due to genetic factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared genetic factors between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of environmental factors on trait variation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child with Down syndrome performing better on spatial tasks than digit tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trait variation within a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pre-operational stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The action is purposeful. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assimilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8-12 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding of object permanence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egocentrism in young children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metarepresentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstract logical reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altruism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8-12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children can't focus on both number and volume simultaneously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modifying existing schemas for new information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-8 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To orient them towards face-like configurations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babyness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate feedback children receive from their actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A natural capacity for intersubjectivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is evident when infants show familiarity with previously encountered stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It develops later as neural structures mature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distress and discomfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood amnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General knowledge about the world. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language acquisition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolved mechanisms that orient them towards faces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast mapping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inaccuracies due to suggestive questioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employing fragmented encoding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telegraphic speech (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preference for sounds of their native language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misattribution errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gradual increase in the amount or quantity of a process, without any fundamental shifts.

A significant shift where new abilities or functions emerge abruptly, representing fundamental changes in a process.

A temporary setback or regression in development before improvement. It's a subset of qualitative change

The proportion of variation in a trait explained by genetic factors.

The proportion of variation in a trait explained by environmental factors.

Identical twins that develop from a single fertilized egg that splits.

Fraternal twins that develop from two separate fertilized eggs.

Four distinct stages of cognitive development in children: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.

The first stage (0-2 years) of Piaget's theory, where knowledge is gained through actions.

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

Piaget's stage (2-6 years) where symbolic thought and language develop, but understanding of others' perspectives may be limited.

Difficulty in understanding that others have different perspectives.

Integrating new information into existing mental frameworks.

Adjusting existing mental frameworks to incorporate new information that doesn't fit.

Piaget's stage (6-11 years) where children can think logically about concrete events and objects.

A subcortical system that helps newborns orient towards face-like configurations.

A cortical system that develops with the cortex and allows infants to learn and refine their facial recognition skills.

An evolved mechanism that orients infants towards faces immediately after birth.

The human preference for large eyes and round faces, often found in babies.

The ability to relate socially by mirroring another's actions.

The immediate and responsive feedback a child receives for their actions.

A non-conscious form of memory that involves familiarity with previously encountered stimuli.

A conscious form of memory that involves recalling specific events or facts.

General knowledge about the world, such as facts and concepts.

Memory for personally experienced events, tied to specific times and places.

Infants around 6 months old prefer objects that help others over objects that hinder them, suggesting an early understanding of intentionality.

Infants are surprised when an action doesn't match their expectations, like a hand reaching for a new goal instead of the original one. This suggests they interpret actions as purposeful.

Actions done voluntarily to help others, often with some benefit for the helper. This can range from sharing toys to offering a helping hand.

A type of prosocial behavior where you help others without expecting any direct benefit in return. It's purely motivated by a desire to help.

Young children show an early understanding of ownership: around 2-3 years old, they will defend their belongings and sometimes even others' belongings.

The ability to mentally travel back to past events and experience them as if you were there. It involves a strong sense of self and the ability to recall details of the experience.

The inability to recall memories from early childhood, usually before the age of three. This is a common phenomenon and may be due to the developing brain's limited capacity to form and maintain long-term memories.

A psychological phenomenon where memories are susceptible to suggestions or leading questions. This is especially true for children, whose memories are more malleable.

The difficulty in accurately recalling the origin of a memory. Children, for example, may confuse a suggested event with an actual experience, leading to misattribution errors.

The ability to rapidly link a new word with its corresponding object or concept after only one exposure. This is a key process in language development, particularly during the 'vocabulary spurt' around 18 months.

Two-word phrases used by toddlers, often omitting grammatical words like articles and prepositions. This reflects emerging syntactic understanding. Examples: 'More milk', 'Throw ball'.

The study of sounds in language. This involves understanding how sounds are produced, organized, and used to create meaning.

The process of learning new words and their meanings. This is a critical aspect of language development throughout life.

Newborns exhibit a preference for their native language over other languages. This is a sign of prenatal exposure to language patterns.

The universal stage of language development where infants produce a range of sounds, experimenting with vocalization. This occurs around 6 months of age and lays the foundation for speech production.