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Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a category of teratogens?
Which of these is NOT a category of teratogens?
Which of the following is a key area of change in early childhood physical development?
Which of the following is a key area of change in early childhood physical development?
During which period of prenatal development does implantation occur?
During which period of prenatal development does implantation occur?
What is the term used to describe the gradual physical changes that occur in late adulthood?
What is the term used to describe the gradual physical changes that occur in late adulthood?
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Which of the following is NOT a theoretical debate in developmental psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a theoretical debate in developmental psychology?
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What is the name of the important life milestone that occurs for women in middle age?
What is the name of the important life milestone that occurs for women in middle age?
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Which of the following senses is poorly developed at birth?
Which of the following senses is poorly developed at birth?
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Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages. Which of these is NOT one of Piaget's stages?
Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages. Which of these is NOT one of Piaget's stages?
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Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years?
Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years?
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What is the process of absorbing new information into existing schemas called?
What is the process of absorbing new information into existing schemas called?
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According to Harlow's research with monkeys, what was the primary factor that influenced attachment?
According to Harlow's research with monkeys, what was the primary factor that influenced attachment?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment identified by Ainsworth using the Strange Situation procedure?
Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment identified by Ainsworth using the Strange Situation procedure?
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Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development is characterized by an orientation towards following rules to avoid punishment?
Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development is characterized by an orientation towards following rules to avoid punishment?
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Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages occurs during adolescence?
Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages occurs during adolescence?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erikson's psychosocial development?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erikson's psychosocial development?
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Which of the following is a core concept in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Which of the following is a core concept in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
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Flashcards
Schemas
Schemas
Basic units of intellect that organize interactions with the environment.
Assimilation
Assimilation
The process of integrating new information into existing schemas.
Accommodation
Accommodation
The process of adjusting old schemas or forming new ones when faced with new information.
Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage
Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage
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Ainsworth's Attachment Types
Ainsworth's Attachment Types
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Kohlberg's Preconventional Level
Kohlberg's Preconventional Level
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Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust
Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust
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Kohlberg's Postconventional Level
Kohlberg's Postconventional Level
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Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology
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Heredity vs Environment
Heredity vs Environment
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Prenatal Development
Prenatal Development
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Teratogens
Teratogens
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Motor Development
Motor Development
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Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
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Primary vs Secondary Aging
Primary vs Secondary Aging
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Middle Age Milestones
Middle Age Milestones
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychology Overview
- Developmental psychology examines age-related changes in behavior and mental processes throughout the lifespan, from conception to death.
- Key areas of study include: Studying Development, Physical Development, Cognitive Development, Social, Moral, and Personality Development, and Living Psychology (meeting the challenges of adulthood).
Life Span Development
- A table outlining the approximate ages associated with each stage of life:
- Prenatal: Conception to Birth
- Infancy: Birth to 18 months
- Early childhood: 18 months to 6 years
- Middle childhood: 6-12 years
- Adolescence: 12-20 years
- Young adulthood: 20-45 years
- Middle adulthood: 45-60 years
- Later adulthood: 60 years to death
Studying Development
- Key theoretical debates:
- Nature vs. Nurture (heredity vs. environment)
- Continuity vs. Stages (continuous vs. periods of change)
- Stability vs. Change (maintained vs. different characteristics)
- An interactionist perspective is preferred by psychologists, evolving into a biopsychosocial model.
Prenatal Physical Development
- Prenatal development begins at conception.
- Three periods of prenatal development:
- Germinal period (conception to implantation)
- Embryonic period (after implantation to 8 weeks)
- Fetal period (8 weeks to birth)
Hazards to Prenatal Development
- Teratogens are environmental agents causing damage during prenatal development by crossing the placental barrier.
- Categories include:
- Legal and illegal drugs
- Diseases and malnutrition
- Exposure to X-rays and stress
Early Childhood Physical Development
- Three key areas of change in early childhood: brain, motor, and sensory/perceptual development.
Brain Development
- Neurons grow in size and the number of dendrites and axons increases.
- Growth is evident from birth through 24 months.
Motor Development
- Active movement skills emerge in an orderly sequence.
- Examples shown include chin up, rolling over, sitting with support, sitting alone, standing holding furniture, walking, standing alone, walking alone, and walking up steps.
Sensory and Perceptual Development
- Senses of smell, taste, touch, and hearing are well-developed at birth.
- Sense of vision is less developed at birth.
Adolescence and Puberty
- Significant physical changes occur, including:
- Underarm and pubic hair growth
- Breast development, uterine enlargement (in females), and beginning of menstruation
- Facial and underarm hair growth
- Larynx enlargement, penis and testes growth, and beginning of ejaculation (in males)
- Adrenal and pituitary glands play a role through hormone release.
Adulthood
- Middle Age:
- Menopause for women is a significant life milestone.
- Male climacteric occurs in men.
- Late Adulthood:
- Primary aging (gradual changes)
- Secondary aging (changes due to disease, disuse, or neglect)
Cognitive Development
- Piaget proposed stages of cognitive development
- Schemas are basic units of intellect, acting as patterns organizing interactions with the environment. Assimilation involves absorbing new information, while accommodation involves adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones to accommodate new information.
- Piaget's four stages:
- Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
- Preoperational (2 to 7 years)
- Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years)
- Formal Operational (11 years and up)
- Key aspects of each stage are summarized as abilities and limitations.
Social, Moral, and Personality Development
-
Social Development:
- Attachment is a strong emotional bond with special others.
- Attachment and Harlow's work with monkeys examined feeding vs. contact comfort.
- Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure identified three types of attachment (secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent).
-
Moral Development:
- Kohlberg developed a model based on responses to moral dilemmas, particularly the Heinz dilemma.
- Stages include preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels, containing a series of progressively more developed stages.
-
Personality Development:
- Erikson's 8 psychosocial stages:
- Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1)
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle)
- Ego Integrity vs. Despair (later adulthood).
- Erikson's 8 psychosocial stages:
Death and Dying
- Coping with death and dying varies culturally and by age.
- Kübler-Ross's stages of dying:
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of developmental psychology, including age-related changes from conception to death. It covers various aspects such as physical, cognitive, social, and moral development throughout different life stages. Understanding key theories like nature vs. nurture and continuity vs. stages is also integral to this topic.
