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Questions and Answers
What are the three levels of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory?
Who proposed a more nuanced, care-based approach to moral development as a critique of Kohlberg's theory?
What is the term for the experiment used to assess attachment styles in children?
Who proposed the theory of observational learning and modeling?
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What are the four stages of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget's theory?
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What is the term for the region of learning where guided instruction and collaboration can facilitate cognitive development?
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What is the proposal of Noam Chomsky's innateness hypothesis?
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What is the term for the hardwired rules and principles governing language structure according to Chomsky's theory?
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Which approach to language acquisition emphasizes the role of environmental and social factors in language development?
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What is the importance of caregiver-child interaction and feedback in language development according to the interactionist approach?
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychology
Moral Development
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Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory:
- 6 stages of moral development, divided into 3 levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional
- Stages 1-2: obedience and punishment, self-interest
- Stages 3-4: social norms, law and order
- Stages 5-6: social contract, universal ethical principles
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Carol Gilligan's Critique:
- Argued that Kohlberg's theory is biased towards male moral development
- Proposed a more nuanced, care-based approach to moral development
Social Development
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Attachment Theory:
- John Bowlby's theory of attachment styles: secure, anxious, avoidant, disorganized
- Mary Ainsworth's "strange situation" experiment to assess attachment
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Social Learning Theory:
- Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning and modeling
- Role of reinforcement, punishment, and observation in shaping behavior
Cognitive Development
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Jean Piaget's Theory:
- 4 stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
- Focus on active construction of knowledge through assimilation and accommodation
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Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory:
- Emphasis on social interaction and language in shaping cognitive development
- Zone of proximal development: learning through guided instruction and collaboration
Language Acquisition
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Noam Chomsky's Innateness Hypothesis:
- Proposal of an innate language acquisition device (LAD) in the brain
- Universal grammar: hardwired rules and principles governing language structure
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Interactionist Approach:
- Emphasis on the role of environmental and social factors in language acquisition
- Importance of caregiver-child interaction and feedback in language development
Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory: 6 stages of moral development, divided into 3 levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional
- Pre-conventional Level: Stages 1-2, focused on obedience and punishment, and self-interest
- Conventional Level: Stages 3-4, focused on social norms and law and order
- Post-conventional Level: Stages 5-6, focused on social contract and universal ethical principles
- Carol Gilligan's Critique: Argued that Kohlberg's theory is biased towards male moral development, proposed a more nuanced, care-based approach to moral development
Social Development
- Attachment Theory: John Bowlby's theory of attachment styles, including secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized
- Mary Ainsworth's "Strange Situation" Experiment: Assesses attachment styles through observation of child and caregiver interaction
- Social Learning Theory: Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning and modeling
- Role of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Observation: Shaping behavior through reinforcement, punishment, and observation
Cognitive Development
- Jean Piaget's Theory: 4 stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
- Active Construction of Knowledge: Through assimilation and accommodation, children construct knowledge actively
- Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory: Emphasis on social interaction and language in shaping cognitive development
- Zone of Proximal Development: Learning through guided instruction and collaboration
Language Acquisition
- Noam Chomsky's Innateness Hypothesis: Proposal of an innate language acquisition device (LAD) in the brain
- Universal Grammar: Hardwired rules and principles governing language structure
- Interactionist Approach: Emphasis on environmental and social factors in language acquisition
- Role of Caregiver-Child Interaction: Importance of caregiver-child interaction and feedback in language development
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Description
Test your understanding of moral development theories, including Lawrence Kohlberg's 6 stages and Carol Gilligan's critique. Explore the levels of pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional moral development.
