39 Questions
What does Piaget's theory emphasize about children's understanding of the world?
The active role of children in constructing knowledge
Which term in Piaget's theory refers to patterns of behavior or thinking that individuals use to interpret and understand the world around them?
Schemes
What does the process of adaptation involve according to Piaget's theory?
Adjusting schemes in response to new experiences
Which of the following is NOT considered a category of infant cognition regarding physical objects?
Color perception of objects
What is the main difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory?
Assimilation involves changing schemes, accommodation involves interpreting new experiences.
Which stage of cognitive development in Piaget's theory focuses on the active exploration and adaptation by infants?
Sensorimotor stage
In Piaget's theory, what are schemes primarily responsible for in individuals?
Understanding and interpreting the environment
What aspect of infant cognition is concerned with distinguishing between living and non-living objects?
Inanimate vs. Animate Objects
What is the process through which individuals adjust their schemes in response to new experiences?
Adaptation
What concept in Piaget's theory represents the basic building blocks of mental activity?
Schemes
What is the term for modifying existing schemes or creating new ones to better fit new experiences or information?
Accommodation
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, at approximately what age does object permanence typically emerge during the sensorimotor stage?
8 to 12 months
What is the A-not-B error primarily associated with in infant cognitive development?
Object permanence
What does the A-not-B error in infants suggest about their cognitive abilities?
Difficulty with memory retention over short delays
Which experiment involves a screen moving back and forth like a drawbridge and a box placed in its path to test infants' understanding of object permanence and solidity?
Drawbridge experiment
What do infants expect about solid objects based on the findings from the Drawbridge experiment?
Solid objects cannot block or impede other objects' movement
'Equilibration' in Piaget's theory can be described as a balance between which two processes?
'Assimilation and accommodation'
'Object permanence' refers to which concept in developmental psychology?
'Objects continue to exist even when not directly perceived'
'Accommodation' involves modifying existing schemes when individuals encounter information that does what?
'Challenges or doesn't fit in their current understanding'
'Assimilation' occurs when individuals interpret new experiences or information in terms of what?
'Their existing schemes'
What is one primary difference between egocentric and allocentric spatial representation?
Egocentric representation is based on objects' relation to oneself, while allocentric representation is based on objects' relation to other landmarks.
Which cue for spatial representation do infants usually prioritize according to the text?
Beacons
What do infants expect regarding object properties as mentioned in the text?
Infants expect objects to maintain stable properties over time.
What is a key aspect of the nativist view of categorization?
Infants have innate biases guiding their categorization.
What type of understanding do infants demonstrate by showing strong dishabituation when objects violate object solidity?
Understanding of object continuity and solidity
What distinguishes social agents from inanimate objects in infants' understanding?
Social agents are people and animals that are different from inanimate objects.
What aspect of infants' perception aligns with the empiricist view of categorization?
Infants develop categories through repeated experiences.
What behavior did infants exhibit that indicated they anticipate objects following principles of continuity and solidity?
Showing strong dishabituation when objects violate object solidity.
What role do beacons play in infants' spatial representation according to the text?
Beacons are the simplest cue for spatial representation understood by infants.
What aspect of understanding involves recognizing how social agents can influence each other from a distance without direct contact?
Action-at-a-Distance
At what age have infants shown different reactions to events involving action-at-a-distance compared to events involving direct contact between objects?
7 months
When social agents respond to stimuli in a dependent manner based on the actions of others, this is known as:
Contingent Responding
What do infants interpret when an object makes sounds in apparent response to the infant's own sounds?
Interaction with a social agent
Infants attribute goals and intentions to social agents based on their behavior through:
Goal Attribution
At what age do infants demonstrate an understanding of goal-directed behavior by expecting a hand or a self-propelled block to have a goal when approaching an object?
5 months
Which aspect of understanding involves recognizing that social agents can respond contingently to stimuli?
Contingent Responding
What distinguishes the reactions of infants at 7 months old to events involving action-at-a-distance from those involving direct contact?
Cognitive responses
When infants attribute goals and intentions to social agents, they are assuming that these agents have:
Specific intentions and goals
How do infants demonstrate an understanding of goal-directed behavior when observing a hand or a self-propelled block approaching an object?
By expecting the hand or block to have a goal
Explore the 6 categories of infant cognition related to physical objects, including concepts like physical properties, causal relationships, spatial knowledge, categorization, inanimate vs. animate objects, and the sensorimotor stage according to Piaget's view.
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