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Questions and Answers
What primarily determines the fate of a cell in mosaic development?
What primarily determines the fate of a cell in mosaic development?
In regulative development, what allows for compensation when a blastomere is excised?
In regulative development, what allows for compensation when a blastomere is excised?
What is a characteristic feature of vertebrates in terms of development?
What is a characteristic feature of vertebrates in terms of development?
How does the potential of cells differ in regulative development as compared to mosaic development?
How does the potential of cells differ in regulative development as compared to mosaic development?
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What happens to a cell when it is isolated early in cleavage during regulative development?
What happens to a cell when it is isolated early in cleavage during regulative development?
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What is the primary focus of embryology?
What is the primary focus of embryology?
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Which term is used to define the development of a new individual from a fertilized oocyte?
Which term is used to define the development of a new individual from a fertilized oocyte?
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What does gametogenesis involve?
What does gametogenesis involve?
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What are cytoplasmic determinants responsible for in mosaic development?
What are cytoplasmic determinants responsible for in mosaic development?
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What is a consequence of excising one cell from a developing embryo in a mosaic mode of development?
What is a consequence of excising one cell from a developing embryo in a mosaic mode of development?
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What is meant by 'morphogenesis' in the context of ontogenic development?
What is meant by 'morphogenesis' in the context of ontogenic development?
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In which type of species is mosaic development commonly observed?
In which type of species is mosaic development commonly observed?
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Which process contributes to cellular diversity during ontogenic development?
Which process contributes to cellular diversity during ontogenic development?
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Study Notes
Developmental Biology and Embryology
- Developmental biology is the study of biological development, evolving from embryology, the study of embryos.
- An embryo is an early stage of development where the animal doesn't yet resemble the adult form.
- Development is a series of correlated events.
- Ontogeny refers to the development of an individual from a fertilized oocyte (sexual reproduction) or from a parent organism (asexual reproduction).
- Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary development of a species, progressing from simple to complex life forms.
Gametogenesis
- Development typically starts with gametogenesis, the generation of gametes (specialized cells involved in fertilization).
- Oogenesis is the generation and maturation of oocytes.
- Spermatogenesis is the generation and maturation of spermatozoa.
Major Achievements of Ontogenetic Development
- Growth: Generation of cell numbers.
- Differentiation: Cellular diversity within a generation (e.g., from embryonic stem cells to various cell types).
- Morphogenesis: Cellular order within a generation, creating the organism's body form specific to the species.
- Continuity: Maintenance of life.
Types of Development
Mosaic Development
- Cell fate is determined by cytoplasmic determinants unequally distributed to daughter cells during division.
- In mosaic development, the fate of a cell is limited, and early removal of a cell prevents normal development. Example: Mollusks in vertebrates.Cells gain specific cytoplasmic determinants to gain a particular path (e.g., muscle or organ).Removing one cell can't be replaced.
Regulatory Development
- Cell fate depends on interactions with neighboring cells (cell-to-cell signaling).
- Regulatory development is characterized by totipotency (cells can become any cell type) and compensation.
- Removal of a blastomere early in cleavage can allow development of a complete new organism.
- Example: Vertebrates (but often combined with mosaic development) . If a blastomere is removed, the remaining cells adapt and form a normal embryo.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of developmental biology and embryology, including the processes of gametogenesis and ontogeny. This quiz covers critical topics like cellular differentiation and the growth of embryos. Understand the intricacies of how organisms develop from simple to complex forms.
