Development Stages in Adolescence Lesson 4

Study Notes

Adolescence is defined as the life stage between childhood and adulthood, typically ranging from ages 10 to 19.
Characterized by significant physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth.
Developmental ages can be categorized into:
- Early Adolescence: approximately 10 to 13 years
- Middle Adolescence: 14 to 16 years
- Late Adolescence: 17 to 20 years
American psychologists may define early adolescence starting at age 11 or 12 and late adolescence at age 18, marking the transition to young adulthood.

Maturation varies among individuals due to factors such as genetics, environment, and economic conditions.
Not all individuals mature at the same pace; some may experience delayed or accelerated development.

Erik Erikson outlined eight stages of personality development, each associated with a specific crisis or conflict.
Successful resolution of these crises leads to favorable outcomes, while failure can result in negative developments.
Stages flow into one another, meaning unresolved conflicts can impact subsequent developmental stages.

Each of Erikson's stages features:
- An influential factor (e.g., parents, teachers)
- A crisis to resolve (e.g., trust vs. mistrust)
- Possible results of resolving the crisis (favorable vs. unfavorable).

Infancy (0-18 months): Trust vs. Mistrust
- Favorable: Trust in others
- Unfavorable: Mistrust, withdrawal
Early Childhood (18 months - 3 years): Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
- Favorable: Independence and self-control
- Unfavorable: Shame and doubt leading to feelings of incompetence.