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Questions and Answers
What do traits contribute to in an individual's behavior?
What do traits contribute to in an individual's behavior?
- Individual differences in behavior (correct)
- Unpredictable reactions
- Variability in behavior over time
- Spontaneity of actions in situations
Personality traits are solely determined by environmental factors.
Personality traits are solely determined by environmental factors.
False (B)
What is meant by the term 'distinctive' in the context of personality?
What is meant by the term 'distinctive' in the context of personality?
Distinctive refers to personality features that differentiate persons from one another.
Personality is influenced by both ______ and ______ factors.
Personality is influenced by both ______ and ______ factors.
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
According to Larsen and Buss, how is personality defined?
According to Larsen and Buss, how is personality defined?
Prenatal conditions have no effect on personality development.
Prenatal conditions have no effect on personality development.
What is an example of social environment in the context of personality development?
What is an example of social environment in the context of personality development?
Personality traits are ______ and relatively enduring.
Personality traits are ______ and relatively enduring.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality traits?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality traits?
Which term describes the collection of images and thoughts representing the person we aspire to be?
Which term describes the collection of images and thoughts representing the person we aspire to be?
The process of personal development only occurs during childhood and not in adolescence.
The process of personal development only occurs during childhood and not in adolescence.
Who believed that self-knowledge is the foundation of all knowledge?
Who believed that self-knowledge is the foundation of all knowledge?
During adolescence, individuals grapple with self-_____ as they seek to understand their identity.
During adolescence, individuals grapple with self-_____ as they seek to understand their identity.
Match the following components of self-concept with their descriptions:
Match the following components of self-concept with their descriptions:
What is the critical period during which individuals experience significant personal development known as?
What is the critical period during which individuals experience significant personal development known as?
Plato disagreed with Socrates about the importance of self-knowledge.
Plato disagreed with Socrates about the importance of self-knowledge.
What does self-esteem represent?
What does self-esteem represent?
The term 'personality' originates from the Latin word '_____'.
The term 'personality' originates from the Latin word '_____'.
Match the following philosophers with their contributions to the concept of self-knowledge:
Match the following philosophers with their contributions to the concept of self-knowledge:
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Study Notes
Personal Development
- Lifelong process of self-improvement and growth
- Involves acquiring new knowledge, skills and experiences to enhance our potential, performance, and overall well-being
- Belief that we are worth the effort, time, and energy needed to develop ourselves
Personal Development in Adolescence
- Process of growth and maturation that occurs during teenage years
- Includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes
- Shapes an adolescent's personality, behaviors, and attitudes
Self-Development
- Self is not fixed
- Self is a living, changing, and ever-developing aliveness
- Knowing oneself is important
Transitioning to Adolescence
- Defined journey for individuals
- Continued development of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional abilities
- Adolescents grapple with self-doubt and try to discover their own identity
Self-Knowledge
- Foundation of all knowledge
- True wisdom begins with confronting ignorance
- An unexamined life is not worth living
- Key to unlocking the essence of all knowledge
Self-Concept
- Collection of characteristics used to describe oneself
- Includes self-ideal, self-image, and self-esteem
Self-Ideal
- Collection of images, emotions, and thoughts representing the person we aspire to be
- Embodies our idealized version
Self-Image
- Mental pictures we hold of ourselves
- Influences and guides our external behavior and performance
Self-Esteem
- Emotional evaluation and perception of ourselves
- Represents how we feel about ourselves
Personality
- Pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics
- Provides consistency and individuality to a person's behavior
- Contributes to individual differences in behavior
- Includes traits and characteristics
Traits
- Contribute to individual differences in behavior
- Contribute to consistency of behavior over time
- Contribute to stability of behaviour across situations
- Can be unique, common to some group, or shared by the entire species
- Each individual has a different pattern of traits
Characteristics
- Unique qualities of an individual
- Include attributes such as temperament, physique, and intelligence
Psychological Qualities
- Qualities contribute to an individual's enduring and distinctive patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
- Qualities are enduring and consistent over time and situations
- Qualities are distinctive and differentiate each person from others
Personality (Larsen and Buss)
- Set of psychological traits and mechanisms within individual
- Organized and relatively enduring influences
- Influence interactions and adaptations of individuals in intrapsychic, physical, and social environments
Psychological Traits
- Characteristics that describe how people are similar or different from one another
Psychological Mechanisms
- Fundamental process that helps explain human behavior and personality
Nature vs. Nurture
- Personality is not determined by a singular cause
- Shaped by both genetic or hereditary (nature) and environmental factors (nurture)
- Personality influences interactions with the environment
- Ancestors developed strong personalities as part of the "survival of the fittest" paradigm
Prenatal Conditions and Hormonal Factors
- Influence the shaping of our personality in the future
Social Environment
- Refers to friends, family, classmates, and even strangers
- Influences personality development
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