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Questions and Answers
What main factor contributes to the classification of countries as rich or poor according to the World Bank?
What main factor contributes to the classification of countries as rich or poor according to the World Bank?
Excessive mining of resources does not have any impact on groundwater sustainability.
Excessive mining of resources does not have any impact on groundwater sustainability.
False
What is the infant mortality rate?
What is the infant mortality rate?
It indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
Countries with per capita income more than _____ per annum are classified as rich countries.
Countries with per capita income more than _____ per annum are classified as rich countries.
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Match the following issues with their impacts:
Match the following issues with their impacts:
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Which of the following is NOT a possible development goal of landless rural laborers?
Which of the following is NOT a possible development goal of landless rural laborers?
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Average income provides complete information about income distribution among the people.
Average income provides complete information about income distribution among the people.
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Explain how the construction of dams can be seen as both development and a displacement issue.
Explain how the construction of dams can be seen as both development and a displacement issue.
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Which of the following best describes the concept of development?
Which of the following best describes the concept of development?
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Different people have the same developmental goals.
Different people have the same developmental goals.
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What is one material goal that individuals may seek in their development?
What is one material goal that individuals may seek in their development?
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Countries are compared based on __________ income rather than total income.
Countries are compared based on __________ income rather than total income.
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Which of the following is a non-material goal of development?
Which of the following is a non-material goal of development?
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Match the following individuals with their respective development goals:
Match the following individuals with their respective development goals:
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Per capita income can sometimes mask income disparities in a population.
Per capita income can sometimes mask income disparities in a population.
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What might a landless rural laborer desire at an individual level?
What might a landless rural laborer desire at an individual level?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as necessary for a good quality of life?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as necessary for a good quality of life?
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Money can ensure a pollution-free and clean environment.
Money can ensure a pollution-free and clean environment.
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What does UNDP stand for?
What does UNDP stand for?
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Non-material factors such as equal treatment, freedom, and _____ are important for living well.
Non-material factors such as equal treatment, freedom, and _____ are important for living well.
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Match the following criteria with their classification:
Match the following criteria with their classification:
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion assessed by the World Bank for comparing countries?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion assessed by the World Bank for comparing countries?
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Kerala has a high Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).
Kerala has a high Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).
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What does the Body Mass Index (BMI) classify as undernourished?
What does the Body Mass Index (BMI) classify as undernourished?
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The Human Development Report ranks India at _______ position.
The Human Development Report ranks India at _______ position.
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Match the following countries with their respective ranks in the Human Development Report:
Match the following countries with their respective ranks in the Human Development Report:
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Which of the following statements about public facilities is true?
Which of the following statements about public facilities is true?
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A country can be classified as developed solely based on its wealth.
A country can be classified as developed solely based on its wealth.
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What is the mean anticipated duration of an individual's life at birth called?
What is the mean anticipated duration of an individual's life at birth called?
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Study Notes
Development
- Development is the process of growing and becoming better
- Ideas of development differ at an individual and national level
- Example: A landless rural laborer may desire more days of work and better wages at the individual level. At the national level, he may want a good education and health facilities in the local area.
- Different people have different developmental goals
- Example: Boy from rich family goal: admission to good college. Girl's goal: freedom like her brother.
- What may be development for one, may not be development for another.
Income and Other Goals
- A person has two types of development goals:
- Material things (money, car, house)
- Non-material things (freedom, friends, equality, respect)
- Both material and non-material things are equally important for development
- Total income of a country is the main criterion in comparing a developed country with an underdeveloped one
- Higher income countries are considered more developed
- Total income of a country is equivalent to the aggregate income of all its residents
- Countries are compared based on average income (per capita income) rather than total income. This is because total income varies with population size.
Comparison through Per Capita Income
- Per capita income = Total income of country / Total population of country
- Averages serve as a useful tool for comparison, but they can mask disparities (differences). For example, if a few people have very high income, the average income will appear higher than it really is.
- The World Bank assesses countries by comparing them based on per capita income
- A country with $12,056 or higher per capita income in 2017 is categorized as rich.
- A country with $955 or less is categorized as low-income.
- India's per capita income in 2017 was $1820, making it a low-middle-income country.
Other Criteria
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): The ratio of the number of children who die before their first birthday out of every 1000 live births.
- Literacy Rate: Percentage of the population aged five years and above that is literate.
- Net Attendance Ratio: Percentage of children aged 14-15 who are attending school out of the total number of children in the same age group
- Life Expectancy: Mean anticipated duration of an individual's life at the time of birth
- Body Mass Index (BMI): A universal standard for assessing undernourishment. A BMI less than 18.5 is considered undernourished.
Public Facilities
- Money may not be enough for a good life. Other things are needed like clean air, safe medicines.
- Government-provided public facilities are the most cost effective
- Kerala is a preferred living destination with a low Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
- Effective public distribution system ensures food access
- Adequate health facilities
- Quality education contributes to awareness
Human Development Report
- Published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
- Uses per capita income, literacy rate, and life expectancy to assess development.
- Some affluent countries may not be considered developed due to low education and health standards given other criteria.
- India ranks 130th, while Sri Lanka ranks 76th in the Human Development Report.
Sustainability of Development
- Development should occur without harming the environment
- Groundwater is at risk of overuse, posing a serious threat to its sustainability.
- Excessive mining depletes valuable resources like iron
- Factories cause harmful emissions: smoke, gases
- Water and air pollution impact living conditions
Top Seven Questions (Short Answer/3 Marks)
- Question 1: What may be development for one may not be development for the other. Explain with examples.
- Question 2: Define Infant mortality rate.
- Question 3: Which countries are known as rich countries based on per capita income?
- Question 4: What is the main norm used by the World Bank in classifying countries as rich and poor?
- Question 5: Describe 3 possible development goals of landless rural laborers.
- Question 6: "Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well." Agree or disagree with statement?
- Question 7: "Though the level of income is important, it is not an inadequate measure of development." Justify.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of development, focusing on individual and national goals. It delves into how different people prioritize material and non-material aspects of development, and how these goals vary across socioeconomic backgrounds. Understanding these differences is crucial for evaluating development on both personal and national levels.
