Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant outcome of the growth in emerging economies?
What is a significant outcome of the growth in emerging economies?
- Reduction in poverty levels (correct)
- Increase in state capacities
- Decrease in global competition
- Decline of urban populations
Which demographic trend is observed in many countries?
Which demographic trend is observed in many countries?
- Ageing populations leading to inverted age pyramids (correct)
- Stable consumer behavior across all age groups
- Increasing birth rates in rural areas
- Decreasing urban population growth
Which of the following statements about budget deficits is true?
Which of the following statements about budget deficits is true?
- Rich countries face bigger problems with budget deficits and sovereign debt. (correct)
- They are a greater concern in emerging countries compared to rich countries.
- Budget deficits do not impact state capacity.
- Austerity measures have increased state capacity.
What indicates a shift in global economic power according to demographic trends?
What indicates a shift in global economic power according to demographic trends?
What has contributed to the emergence of new multinational firms?
What has contributed to the emergence of new multinational firms?
What is a key characteristic of the new world economy?
What is a key characteristic of the new world economy?
Which of the following developments did NOT contribute to the hyper-globalized world economy?
Which of the following developments did NOT contribute to the hyper-globalized world economy?
What does the United Nations define as human development?
What does the United Nations define as human development?
How does technological change impact companies in the new economy?
How does technological change impact companies in the new economy?
Which of the following reflects the limitations of the new world economy?
Which of the following reflects the limitations of the new world economy?
Which three factors are measured in the Human Development Index?
Which three factors are measured in the Human Development Index?
In the 20th century, development was primarily identified with which aspect?
In the 20th century, development was primarily identified with which aspect?
What major event served as a reality check for the context of the new world economy?
What major event served as a reality check for the context of the new world economy?
What characterizes the market approach to development?
What characterizes the market approach to development?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a measure of development?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a measure of development?
What distinguishes a nation from a state?
What distinguishes a nation from a state?
In the context of global policy issues, which is NOT considered a key player?
In the context of global policy issues, which is NOT considered a key player?
What is the primary goal of sustainable development as defined by the Brundtland Commission?
What is the primary goal of sustainable development as defined by the Brundtland Commission?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the traditional state?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the traditional state?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic objectives of a good society as envisioned by sustainable development?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic objectives of a good society as envisioned by sustainable development?
The Treaty of Westphalia is significant because it established the concept of what?
The Treaty of Westphalia is significant because it established the concept of what?
What has the new reality of global challenges implied about state sovereignty?
What has the new reality of global challenges implied about state sovereignty?
What characterizes global policy issues?
What characterizes global policy issues?
Which governance structure may include elements of both democracy and autocracy?
Which governance structure may include elements of both democracy and autocracy?
According to the content, which factor significantly contributes to the stresses on the planet?
According to the content, which factor significantly contributes to the stresses on the planet?
The coordination of military policies has become necessary due to which international reality?
The coordination of military policies has become necessary due to which international reality?
Which of the following is an example of a global policy issue?
Which of the following is an example of a global policy issue?
What is a consequence of urbanization as mentioned in the content?
What is a consequence of urbanization as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following accurately describes the state in the context of coping with global issues?
Which of the following accurately describes the state in the context of coping with global issues?
Which of the following describes the complexity of global policy issues?
Which of the following describes the complexity of global policy issues?
What impacts have been associated with the demographic explosion mentioned in the content?
What impacts have been associated with the demographic explosion mentioned in the content?
What has significantly eroded state sovereignty since 1948?
What has significantly eroded state sovereignty since 1948?
Which concept is most undermined as a result of migration and globalization?
Which concept is most undermined as a result of migration and globalization?
What is a common criticism of treaties and conventions in global governance?
What is a common criticism of treaties and conventions in global governance?
Which view suggests a 'beacon of universal values' perspective on world order?
Which view suggests a 'beacon of universal values' perspective on world order?
Which international body is associated with political governance?
Which international body is associated with political governance?
What challenge is specifically associated with the G7 and G20 groupings?
What challenge is specifically associated with the G7 and G20 groupings?
What role does humanitarian intervention play in relation to state sovereignty?
What role does humanitarian intervention play in relation to state sovereignty?
What is an important limitation of intergovernmental conferences (IGCs)?
What is an important limitation of intergovernmental conferences (IGCs)?
Flashcards
What is Development?
What is Development?
The process through which societies and economies improve the overall well-being of its people.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Human Development Index (HDI)
A measure of a country's progress based on factors like life expectancy, education levels, and income.
Development as Economic Growth
Development as Economic Growth
A 20th-century approach to development that focused primarily on increasing a country's economic output.
Government Approach to Development
Government Approach to Development
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Market Approach to Development
Market Approach to Development
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Hyper-globalization
Hyper-globalization
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Speed and agility
Speed and agility
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Globalized trade
Globalized trade
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Knowledge and information intensity
Knowledge and information intensity
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Political space for hyper-globalization
Political space for hyper-globalization
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
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Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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Sustainable Society
Sustainable Society
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Global Policy Issues
Global Policy Issues
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Demographic Explosion
Demographic Explosion
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The New Economy
The New Economy
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Systemic Interactions
Systemic Interactions
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Redistribution of Geo-economic Power
Redistribution of Geo-economic Power
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Emerging Economies
Emerging Economies
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Emerging-Market Multinationals
Emerging-Market Multinationals
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State
State
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Urbanization
Urbanization
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Aging Population
Aging Population
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty
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Nation
Nation
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Westphalian International System
Westphalian International System
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Anocracy
Anocracy
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Multilateral Organizations
Multilateral Organizations
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Erosion of State Sovereignty
Erosion of State Sovereignty
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Challenges to the Traditional State
Challenges to the Traditional State
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Islamic View of World Order
Islamic View of World Order
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Central Imperium Philosophy
Central Imperium Philosophy
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American View of World Order
American View of World Order
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Treaties and Conventions
Treaties and Conventions
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Intergovernmental Conferences (IGCs)
Intergovernmental Conferences (IGCs)
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Global Multilaterals
Global Multilaterals
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction; What is Development
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Development refers to how economies improve well-being through societies.
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Well-being can be defined in many ways including more stuff, longer lives, better health, happier people, etc.
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The UN defines human development as enlarging human capabilities and choices, not just material possessions.
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The Human Development Index (HDI) ranks nations based on health (life expectancy), knowledge (education), and living standards (GNI).
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The HDI considers more than just material possessions.
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20th-century development was equated with economic growth, measured by GNP/per capita income
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A materialistic view of progress, where development was considered to be economic growth.
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20th century development strategies included government intervention, focusing on creating jobs and providing social services, and a market-approach, minimizing government influence and relying on the private sector.
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21st-century development prioritizes sustainability, aiming to meet present needs without harming future generations.
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Sustainable development is seen in terms of the needs of the present without endangering those of the future generations ("Brundtland Commission, Our Common Future, 1987").
Global Policy Issues
- Large-scale changes require international cooperation for solutions (e.g., global warming, acid rain).
- Global policy issues are complex and uncertain, involving multiple interwoven factors (economic, social, demographic, environmental and geopolitical variables).
Two "Big Forces": Demography & the New Economy
- Global population growth (8.065 billion) creates unprecedented pressure on resources (land, water, food).
- The new global economy is characterized by interconnectedness (globalization), technology-driven changes (faster, cheaper products), and financial markets that facilitate global interactions.
The "New" World Economy
- Four features of the "new" world economy: speed and agility, global flows of capital and goods (but not people), knowledge intensity, and hypercompetition.
Unprecedented Challenges
- Rapidly changing global conditions require adaptation from individuals, businesses, and governments, with past successes providing no guarantees of future success.
- Demographic and economic trends create urgent challenges requiring global collaboration and foresight.
- The "Great Acceleration" refers to the rapid changes since 1950, including population growth, economic development, and environmental impact.
Four Types of Global Issues
- Global commons problems (global warming, biodiversity loss, resource depletion)
- Socio-economic issues (poverty, conflict, inequality, inequality)
- Legal and regulatory issues (global trade, finance, migration, property rights)
- Issues concerning shared values (human rights, democracy, liberty)
Key Players & New Realities
- States remain important but aren't the only actors in global policy.
- Other players include businesses, NGOs, social networks, and international organizations.
- The traditional nation-state concept is challenged by globalization, migration, and interconnectedness.
- State governance faces issues in defense, authority, identity, sovereignty, and economic activity.
Challenges to the (Westphalian) International System
- Nuclear weapons and intercontinental missiles require coordinated international military policy.
- Sovereignty is challenged by human rights agreements, global organizations, and economic alliances.
- State identity and borders are increasingly threatened by migration and globalization.
- The state's role in economic activity is questioned by globalized production and trade.
- Interdependence makes it difficult for nations to maintain political independence.
Instruments of Governance
- Treaties and conventions
- Intergovernmental conferences (IGCs)
- Groups like the G7, G8, and G20
- Multinational organizations (UN, OECD, IMF, World Bank, WTO)
- Networked governance
Global Turning Points
- "Emerging economies" are rapidly developing, leading to a redistribution of global influence.
- Population demographics, technological progress, and shifts in consumption patterns affect societies.
- Increased budget deficits and sovereign debt, and declining state capacity are significant political concerns.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of development in this introductory chapter. Learn how well-being is measured beyond material possessions, the role of the Human Development Index (HDI), and the evolution of development strategies from the 20th to the 21st century.
