Development Factors: HDI & GII Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor used to determine a country's level of development according to the Human Development Index (HDI)?

  • Life expectancy
  • Access to knowledge
  • Levels of gender equality (correct)
  • Standard of living

    • Which of the following is an accurate difference between Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs)?

  • LDCs are characterized by higher rates of urbanization, while MDCs exhibit lower rates.
  • MDCs rely primarily on secondary and tertiary sectors, while LDCs are heavily dependent on the primary sector. (correct)
  • LDCs have higher levels of industrialization and advanced technology compared to MDCs.
  • MDCs generally experience higher rates of population growth, while LDCs have lower rates.

    • The International Trade approach to development, also known as World Systems Theory, emphasizes which of the following principles?

  • Encouraging self-sufficiency and promoting domestic industries within developing countries.
  • Promoting fair trade practices that prioritize social and environmental sustainability.
  • Focusing on the redistribution of wealth from developed countries to developing countries.
  • Establishing global trade relationships that benefit developing countries by specializing in their comparative advantages. (correct)

    • The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) measures which of the following?

    <p>The extent to which a country's HDI score is reduced due to income inequality, gender inequality, and inequality in access to education and healthcare. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth model, which stage is characterized by the development of a manufacturing sector and the emergence of industrialization?

    <p>Takeoff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following international organizations aims to reduce barriers to international trade by promoting free trade and enforcing trade agreements?

    <p>World Trade Organization (WTO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way in which developing countries can obtain financing to further development?

    <p>Imposing higher taxes on domestic businesses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary function of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

    <p>Facilitating trade debt payments between countries by lending money to developing countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between the self-sufficiency approach to development and the international trade approach?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Human Development Index (HDI), what is the range of scores for countries classified as having a 'very high' level of development?

    <p>0.79 - 1.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor used to measure a country's 'standard of living' according to the text?

    <p>Life Expectancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations provides a platform for countries to resolve trade disputes and negotiate trade agreements?

    <p>World Trade Organization (WTO) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Gross National Income (GNI) and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?

    <p>GNI measures the value of goods and services produced within a country, while PPP adjusts GNI for inflation and considers the cost of living. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which job category is associated with the extraction of raw materials from the earth, such as mining or agriculture?

    <p>Primary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A country with a very high HDI score is generally expected to have which of the following characteristics?

    <p>A high life expectancy, a high literacy rate, and a high average years of schooling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Inequity-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) in relation to a country's overall HDI?

    <p>It measures the level of development within a country, taking into account the distribution of income. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gender Inequality Index (GII) specifically focuses on which of the following aspects?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the two main approaches to development - self-sufficiency and international trade - is CORRECT?

    <p>Self-sufficiency emphasizes protecting domestic businesses from foreign competition, while international trade promotes open markets and global integration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument for why international trade has become the preferred approach to development?

    <p>It allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services where they have a comparative advantage, leading to increased efficiency and economic growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microfinance plays a crucial role in development by providing which of the following?

    <p>Small loans to individuals and small businesses to start or expand their ventures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Development

    Improving the quality of life of citizens through measured progress.

    HDI

    Human Development Index, measures development from 0 to 1.

    GNI

    Gross National Income, yearly value of all produced goods and services.

    PPP

    Purchasing Power Parity, adjusts GNI for inflation per person.

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    Life Expectancy

    Average number of years a person is expected to live.

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    IHDI

    Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index measuring inequality within a country.

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    GII

    Gender Inequality Index, assesses gender inequality; lower is better.

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    Self-Sufficiency

    Development strategy focused on making everything domestically with no international trade.

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    International Trade

    Development strategy involving selling and buying with international competitors.

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    Microfinance

    Small loans provided to small businesses to encourage development.

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    HDI Factors

    Standard of living, life expectancy, access to knowledge determine a country's Human Development Index.

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    GII Factors

    Empowerment, labor force participation, and reproductive health determine Gender Inequality Index levels.

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    Primary Jobs

    Jobs that extract resources directly from the Earth.

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    Secondary Jobs

    Jobs that manufacture goods from raw materials.

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    Tertiary Jobs

    Jobs that provide services or sell products.

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    International Trade Model

    Development strategy focused on exporting goods and attracting foreign investments.

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    WTO Functions

    World Trade Organization reduces trade barriers and enforces agreements.

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    Developing vs Developed Countries

    LDCs have low HDI, lower life expectancy, MDCs have high HDI and higher life expectancy.

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    Study Notes

    Development Factors (HDI & GII)

    • HDI (Human Development Index): Measures a country's development using three factors:
      • Standard of living (GNI, PPP)
      • Life expectancy
      • Access to knowledge (years of schooling, expected years of schooling, literacy rate)
    • GII (Gender Inequality Index): Measures gender inequality using three factors:
      • Empowerment (female representation in government and education)
      • Labor force (female labor force participation)
      • Reproductive health (maternal mortality rate, adolescent fertility rate)
    • HDI Categorization: High, medium, and low development levels are determined based on HDI scores, not specific regions.

    Job Types

    • Primary: Extracting resources from the Earth.
    • Secondary: Manufacturing products.
    • Tertiary: Providing services and selling products.

    Developed vs. Developing Countries (LDC vs. MDC)

    • LDC (Less Developed Country): Lower HDI, lower life expectancy, lower infant/child survival rates, and fewer years of schooling.
    • MDC (More Developed Country): Higher HDI, higher life expectancy, higher infant/child survival rates, and more years of schooling.

    Inequality Measurement

    • IHDI (Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index): Measures the inequality within a country, comparing it to the overall HDI. If IHDI is lower than the HDI, the country has inequality.

    Development Theories

    • Rostow's Stages of Growth: A five-stage model of economic development.
    • Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory: Views development within an international trade approach.

    Development Approaches

    • Self-Sufficiency: Prioritizes domestic production and reducing reliance on international trade. Associated with potential inefficiencies and corruption.
    • International Trade: Focuses on international trade and competition to stimulate economic growth.

    WTO and Trade Barriers

    • The WTO aims to reduce barriers to international trade by reducing restrictions and enforcing agreements.

    Financing Development

    • Developing countries obtain financing through multilateral institutions like:
      • IMF
      • World Bank
      • Microfinance organizations (small loans to businesses)

    Roles of International Organizations

    • European Union: Promotes reduced tariffs and taxes in international trade.
    • United Nations: Tracks development levels through HDI/IHDI/GII.
    • NATO: Maintains peace among member states (and potentially others).
    • WTO: Resolves trade disputes and reduces trade barriers.
    • IMF: Facilitates international trade payments via loans.
    • World Bank: Provides loans for development projects.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII), highlighting the key factors that determine a country's development. It also touches on job types and distinctions between developed and developing countries. Test your understanding of these essential socio-economic indicators.

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