Development and Population Studies Overview

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary focus of China's national program initiated in the 1970s?

Decentralized family planning services

Slower population growth (correct)

Promoting larger family sizes

Increasing population growth

When did China officially adopt the one-child policy?

1983

1961

1979 (correct)

1971

Which of the following was NOT a benefit provided to couples under China's one-child policy?

Monthly child-support allowances

Preferential treatment in schools and jobs

Free education for all children (correct)

Higher pensions for retirement

What was China's total fertility rate (TFR) in 1999?

1.8 Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of fertility decline in China has been debated?

The influence of the one-child policy Signup and view all the answers

What was one result of the one-child policy for families in rural areas?

Monthly payments in cash and kind for compliance Signup and view all the answers

How did China's total population change after the implementation of the one-child policy?

It surpassed the goal of 1.2 billion Signup and view all the answers

What was the TFR in India as per the provided information?

3.3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the growing emphasis on anti-development and post-development theory?

Disappointment over development success in poor countries Signup and view all the answers

How has Development Studies evolved over time?

It has become better integrated with the social sciences. Signup and view all the answers

In which period did Population Studies begin to take shape?

Late 18th century amidst the French Revolution Signup and view all the answers

Who argued that unequal distribution of power was the root cause of poverty?

William Godwin Signup and view all the answers

What role did the UN play in enhancing Population Studies after World War II?

It established the Population Division and improved census programs. Signup and view all the answers

What was T.R. Malthus's main argument regarding poverty?

The poor create their own poverty through population growth. Signup and view all the answers

What transformation in Population Studies occurred after the availability of census data?

Systematic population analysis became normalized. Signup and view all the answers

What has been a consequence of the emphasis on locally specific development practices?

Greater recognition of tailored policies Signup and view all the answers

What demographic characteristics of immigrants contribute to population growth?

Youthfulness and high fertility rates Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant argument for antinatalist policies according to Coale and Hoover's study?

Slower population growth frees up resources for investments. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is known for providing support for family planning in less developed countries?

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Signup and view all the answers

Which population policy is primarily focused on reducing growth rates?

Antinatalist Signup and view all the answers

How many nations had expressed a desire to limit their population growth by 1997?

68 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for the failure of a single family-planning model in different countries?

Differences in cultural traditions and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What demographic trend is occurring due to the immigration policy of the United States?

Significant population expansion Signup and view all the answers

What has been a major focus of discussions and implementations in developing countries regarding population policies?

Slowing population growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate aim of a vital registration system?

To cover all demographic events occurring in a population Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of sample surveys over complete vital registration systems?

They are inexpensive and flexible Signup and view all the answers

Which method is specifically concerned with a complete count of the population?

Censuses Signup and view all the answers

Why do demographers rely on sample surveys?

To gather extensive demographic information beyond what is in censuses Signup and view all the answers

Which survey was conducted between 1974 and 1986 to understand reproductive behavior?

World Fertility Survey Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of demographic behavior is primarily analyzed through sample surveys?

Demographic trends such as fertility and migration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)?

To carry out sample surveys in developing countries regarding health and demographics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of censuses?

To provide a one-time snapshot of the population's characteristics Signup and view all the answers

How are sample surveys beneficial in demographic research?

They reveal underlying patterns of demographic behavior Signup and view all the answers

How do registration systems differ from censuses?

Registration systems are dynamic and continuous Signup and view all the answers

What has been a historical use of population registers in Eastern Europe under Communism?

For control of the population and administrative purposes Signup and view all the answers

What does civil registration primarily record?

Vital events such as births and deaths Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are known for maintaining some kind of population register?

Nordic countries and Netherlands Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest recorded instance of a population register?

Population register of families in China during the Han Dynasty Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a focus of a population register?

Measuring public opinion on political issues Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the census can lead to political manipulation?

The portrayal of population characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of population registers at the local level?

Control of local population Signup and view all the answers

Which events are commonly recorded in civil registration systems?

All vital events including births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and stillbirths Signup and view all the answers

How do civil registration data in poorer nations compare to those in more developed nations?

They are less complete and accurate Signup and view all the answers

What role do demographers play in relation to civil registration data from developing countries?

They develop techniques for data adjustment and analysis Signup and view all the answers

What historical ordinance is identified as the modern origin of vital statistics registration?

The English ordinance of 1532 Signup and view all the answers

For what purpose were the initial reports of deaths and christenings published?

To understand migration patterns during epidemics Signup and view all the answers

According to the International Covenant on Civil, what right is guaranteed upon birth?

The right to immediate registration and a name Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the value of civil registration data in developing countries?

They are still useful though seriously defective Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Development Studies

Experienced a shift towards locally specific policies and practices, away from global models.
Better integrated with mainstream social sciences, particularly economics.

Population Studies

Originated in the late 18th century, amid controversies surrounding the French Revolution.
Malthus's ideas about poverty contrasted with Godwin's focus on societal inequality.
Gained significant momentum after World War II, with UN involvement and data collection.
Systematic population analysis became standard with increased availability of census data.
Censuses, crucial for planning services and analysis, also susceptible to political manipulation.

Registration Systems

Civil registration is the continuous and universal recording of vital events, legally mandated.
Censuses offer a snapshot of population, whereas registration systems track demographic events (births, deaths).
Registers are dynamic and continuous, unlike static censuses.
Many countries maintain registers of births, deaths, and other vital events.
China has a long tradition of population registration tied to local control.
Civil registration data isn't perfect in any country, but valuable despite imperfections.
Data adjustment and analysis procedures allow demographers to extract relevant information.

Surveys

Ideal registration systems track all population events, but are often time and resource-intensive to implement.
Sample systems are a workable alternative with high quality data to study births and deaths.
Demographers rely on surveys for detailed information that goes beyond the broad scope of censuses and registers, especially on fertility analysis.
World Fertility Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys are crucial studies for gathering data on various aspects of population.

Population Policy

Antinatalist policies, aiming for smaller populations generally implemented in poorer countries, are widely debated.
Coale and Hoover's theory proposed high population growth hinders economic development by diverting resources.
Reduced fertility, frees resources for investment, benefiting the development of countries.
Developed nations supported family planning in less developed countries.
Various nations have adopted different approaches to population control (e.g., China's one-child policy, India's decentralized approach)
China's One-Child policy was a complex measure affecting incentives, disincentives for couples wishing to have a specific number of children
Success of policies are debated, particularly whether they significantly impact/reduce fertility rates.

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Description

Explore the evolution of development and population studies from historical contexts to modern practices. Understand the significance of civil registration systems and census data in demographic analysis. This quiz provides insights into the integration of these fields with social sciences and their implications for policy-making.