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Questions and Answers
What does the mode refer to in a set of numbers?
What does the mode refer to in a set of numbers?
A perfect negative correlation is represented by a value of 0.
A perfect negative correlation is represented by a value of 0.
False
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
The potential for self-improvement and treating people as humans.
In a T test, a p-value below _____ indicates that the groups are statistically different.
In a T test, a p-value below _____ indicates that the groups are statistically different.
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Match the famous psychological experiments with their key findings:
Match the famous psychological experiments with their key findings:
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Which psychological perspective focuses on the effects of past experiences on current behavior?
Which psychological perspective focuses on the effects of past experiences on current behavior?
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Correlation values can range from -1 to 1, where 0 indicates no correlation.
Correlation values can range from -1 to 1, where 0 indicates no correlation.
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What does the measure of median represent in a dataset?
What does the measure of median represent in a dataset?
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What was the main lesson learned from the Eye Color Game?
What was the main lesson learned from the Eye Color Game?
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In the 'Just Following Orders' Milgram study, participants were aware that they were only giving pretend shocks.
In the 'Just Following Orders' Milgram study, participants were aware that they were only giving pretend shocks.
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What did the Little Albert Experiment demonstrate about learned behavior?
What did the Little Albert Experiment demonstrate about learned behavior?
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The preference of baby monkeys for a soft mother over a wire mother in the Surrogate Mother Experiment highlights the importance of ______ for development.
The preference of baby monkeys for a soft mother over a wire mother in the Surrogate Mother Experiment highlights the importance of ______ for development.
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Match the following experiments with their key findings:
Match the following experiments with their key findings:
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What did Harlow's experiment with baby monkeys primarily focus on?
What did Harlow's experiment with baby monkeys primarily focus on?
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The Hawthorne Effect indicates that individuals may change their behavior simply because they are being watched.
The Hawthorne Effect indicates that individuals may change their behavior simply because they are being watched.
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What was the effect on Albert after repeated exposure to the white rat and the loud noise?
What was the effect on Albert after repeated exposure to the white rat and the loud noise?
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Study Notes
Descriptive Statistics
- Mean: Sum of all numbers divided by the count of numbers
- Median: Middle number in a sorted list. If two numbers are in the middle, the average of those two is the median.
- Mode: Most frequent number in a list.
- T-test: Used to compare the averages of two groups, to determine if there's a significant difference between them.
- Correlation: A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables.
- Values range from -1 to +1.
- -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation.
- +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation.
- 0 indicates no correlation.
- Values close to ±1 indicate a strong correlation.
- Values close to 0 indicate a weak correlation.
- A p-value below 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference between the groups.
- A p-value above 0.05 means there is no statistically significant difference between the groups.
Psychological Perspectives
- Biological Psychology: Examines the biological factors that affect thoughts and behaviours, including medications.
- Physiology: How the body works.
- Psychoanalysis: Explores the unconscious mind and how past experiences impact current behaviour.
- Behavioral Psychology: Focuses on how rewards and punishments affect actions.
- Cognitive Psychology: Studies how the mind processes information and shapes perspective.
- Humanistic Psychology: Focuses on treating people as individuals with the potential for self-improvement.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- A hierarchical model of human needs, with lower-level needs needing to be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.
Famous Studies in Psychology
- Pavlov's Dog Experiment: Association of a neutral stimulus (bell) with a stimulus that produces a response (food) causing the neutral stimulus to also produce a response.
- Asch Conformity Study: Shows how peer pressure can lead individuals to conform to group norms, even when those norms are incorrect.
- Learned Helplessness Experiment: Demonstrates how repeated failures can lead to a feeling of resignation and a lack of motivation to try to cope with difficulties.
- Bobo Doll Experiment: Shows observational learning where children can learn behaviors by watching others.
- A Class Divided: Shows how easily prejudice and discrimination can form, based on biases and superficial differences.
- Cognitive Dissonance Experiment: Demonstrates a method of changing behaviour, to reduce conflict or tension.
- Fantz's Looking Chamber: Examines visual perception in infants, showing their preference for stimuli that look like faces.
- Milgram Study: Demonstrates how obedience to authority can lead people to do things they may otherwise consider wrong.
- Little Albert Experiment: Demonstrates how fear can be learned.
- Surrogate Mother Experiment: Examines the importance of touch and comfort for development and bonding, focusing on animals.
- Car Crash Experiment: Demonstrates how the wording of questions can influence eyewitness memory.
- Hawthorne Effect: Shows how observation can influence behavior.
- Kitty Genovese Case: Highlights the "bystander effect," suggesting a decreased likelihood of intervention in emergencies when witnesses are present.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of descriptive statistics including mean, median, mode, and correlation, along with their significance in psychological research. Understand statistical measures like T-tests and p-values, and how they apply to various psychological perspectives. This quiz aims to enhance your understanding of these essential concepts in statistics and psychology.
