Dermatology Quiz: Hyperpigmentation and Melasma

<p>Bilateral, asymptomatic, brown patches, common on the face. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of estrogen-containing contraceptives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6-12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sunscreen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reappearance of pigmentation upon sun exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophic, white, and glistening with a wrinkled texture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outer areas of the labia majora. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme itchiness and soreness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suggest an autoimmune component to the disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquired depigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ointment base topical steroid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Once a day. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intralesional corticosteroids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 6 months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Velvety, hyperpigmented patches on the neck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native Americans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal malignancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wood’s lamp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcineurin inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 times per week (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with an increased risk for skin cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short pulse systemic steroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysuria or anuria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women over 50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wash with non-soap cleanser once or twice daily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic allergies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlarging lump or sore that fails to heal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burial of the clitoris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family history of autoimmune diseases may increase risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Velvety, thickened dark patches on skin, often in folds.

Often linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes.

Common in 13.3% of African Americans and 5.5% of Latinos.

Characterized by darkening and hyperkeratosis of skin.

Rapid lesion development in non-obese middle-aged individuals; rare.

Temporary skin pigmentation following injury or inflammation, commonly seen in darker skin types.

Usually clinical based on history and skin type; biopsy may be necessary.

Identify inflammation source, recommend sunscreen; can use skin lighteners and retinoids.

Hyperpigmented patches on the face or sun-exposed skin, asymptomatic with irregular borders.

Centrofacial (forehead, cheeks, nose), Malar (cheeks and nose), Mandibular (jawline).

Pregnancy, estrogen in contraceptives, hormonal therapy, and sun exposure increase chances of melasma.

Lesions typically resolve spontaneously within 6-12 months but can be aided by treatments.

Melasma typically arises between ages 20-40, more common in women.

Substances applied to skin to relieve dryness and itching, acting as a barrier.

Medications applied to the skin to reduce inflammation and symptoms of skin conditions.

A high potency topical steroid often used in treating severe skin conditions.

A skin condition characterized by depigmented macules and patches due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.

Corticosteroids injected directly into lesions to treat severe skin conditions.

Painful or difficult urination often linked to urinary tract issues.

A condition where the body produces no urine.

A skin condition that affects the genital area, causing itching and pain.

Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with untreated lichen sclerosus.

Includes itching, pain, and potentially fissures in the genital area.

A procedure to confirm diagnosis, especially for unhealing lesions.

Gentle washing and using non-soap cleansers for managing lichen sclerosus.

Higher likelihood of lichen sclerosus in individuals with a family history of autoimmune diseases.

Affects about 1% of the population, often beginning before age 20.

Association with stress, illness, or skin trauma; can also relate to thyroid disease.

Utilizes Wood’s lamp and skin biopsy to detect absence of melanocytes.

Condition progresses slowly; risk of sunburns and skin cancer increases.

Includes topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors for management.

Involves Ruxolitinib cream and phototherapy for more severe cases.

Includes short pulse therapy with systemic steroids to slow disease progression.

Methods to treat melasma include minimizing sun exposure and using broad-spectrum sunscreens.

Supplements like omega-3, omega-6, and Vitamin E support skin health in melasma treatment.

Topical agents like kojic acid, ascorbic acid, and hydroquinone are used to lighten pigmentation.

Itchy and sore skin with atrophic white papules in lichen sclerosis.

Causes may involve genetic, hormonal, traumatic, and infectious factors leading to autoimmune responses.

The ratio is approximately 10:1, indicating a higher prevalence in females.

Features include ivory white papules with a smooth, atrophic surface on genital areas.

Primarily affects the non-hair bearing areas of the vulva and can extend to other regions.