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What clinical finding is characterized by an increased size of the liver?
Which test would suggest the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity?
Which of the following conditions is associated with a lack of blood flow to the fingers leading to color changes?
Which deformity is characterized by a hyperextended knee?
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Which of these conditions typically results in the accumulation of fluid in a joint?
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What condition is typically characterized by a sore or ulcer on the lower extremities due to poor blood circulation?
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What anatomical structure is evaluated with the bimanual exam?
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Which clinical sign is likely to indicate the presence of a hernia in the inguinal region?
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Which skin condition is characterized by papules and is often associated with basal cell carcinoma?
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What is a potential complication of dislocation of the lens?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Horner syndrome?
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What condition is denoted by the presence of Osler’s nodes?
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Which abnormal finding is indicative of aortic aneurysm?
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Which of the following findings suggests congestive heart failure?
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Which condition is characterized by a sac containing fluid, often associated with the scrotum in males?
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What does the presence of tobacco staining typically indicate?
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What sign would indicate possible meningitis when there is involuntary flexion of the limbs upon passive neck flexion?
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Which reflex is assessed by checking the knee jerk response?
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Which skin condition presents as small white cysts, often seen in newborns, commonly mistaken for milk spots?
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What facial feature would most likely indicate a possible chromosomal abnormality if observed in an infant?
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Which term describes a condition where there is inadequate closure of the abdominal wall, leading to exposed organs?
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What is the likely diagnosis if an infant presents with a large head circumference and bulging fontanelles?
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Which reflex is characterized by an involuntary flexion of the fingers when the palm is stimulated?
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What term refers to the cleft where the upper lip fails to fuse properly during early fetal development?
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Which sign is indicative of hemorrhagic conditions, often assessed in the abdomen?
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Which examination test evaluates the oculomotor function of cranial nerve III?
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Which condition is characterized by the presence of dilated tortuous veins in the abdomen often referred to as caput medusae?
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What condition is represented by a 'bird beak sign' on imaging?
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Which reflex is tested when checking for a patient's eye movement coordination?
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Which finding is most closely associated with hyperthyroidism?
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Which neurological test specifically evaluates the integrity of the trigeminal nerve?
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What condition is characterized by a 'beefy red' appearance of the tongue?
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Which gait pattern is characterized by a hip drop on the opposite side during walking?
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What test is specifically used to assess hip joint stability in infants?
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Which condition is characterized by swelling of the thyroid gland?
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In pediatrics, which condition is associated with a rash and may appear as petechiae?
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What type of gait is characterized by alternating flexion and extension at the knee?
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Which imaging technique is best suited for soft tissue evaluation?
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Which condition is described by the presence of abnormal skin dimpling on the breast?
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Which of the following is a type of joint hypermobility test?
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Study Notes
Dermatological Conditions
- Balding: Often associated with genetic factors, hormonal changes, or autoimmune disorders.
- Psoriasis: Chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by red, scaly patches, commonly found on knees.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: Skin condition involving scaly, itchy patches, mainly affecting oily areas.
- Melanoma: A serious skin cancer; fast-growing and can metastasize quickly if not detected early.
- Urticaria: Allergic reaction causing itchy wheals or hives on the skin.
Internal Cardiovascular Signs
- Xanthelasmata: Yellowish cholesterol deposits around the eyelids.
- Corneal Arcus: A white, gray, or blue ring in the cornea, often age-related or linked to hyperlipidemia.
- Roth's Spots: Retinal hemorrhages with white centers, indicative of infective endocarditis.
- Osler’s Nodes: Painful nodules found in the pads of fingers or toes, associated with bacterial endocarditis.
Respiratory System Observations
- Horner Syndrome: Results in ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis; often indicates sympathetic nerve damage.
- Barrel Chest: Expanded chest typical of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Kyphosis/Scoliosis: Abnormal spinal curvatures that can impair lung function, commonly observed in various disorders.
Neurological Reflexes
- Biceps Reflex: Checks function of C5-C6 spinal nerves.
- Babinski Sign: An upward movement of the big toe indicative of neurological dysfunction in adults.
- Visual Field Examination: Assesses peripheral vision; abnormalities can indicate neurological or optic nerve issues.
Gastrointestinal Signs
- Aphthous Ulcer: Painful oral lesions, often recurring with no known cause.
- Diverticular Disease: Formation of pouches in the digestive tract, often leading to complications like diverticulitis.
- Murphy’s Sign: Indicates gallbladder inflammation; a positive sign when pain occurs during palpation of the gallbladder.
Vascular Diseases
- Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Episodes of reduced blood flow to fingers or toes due to cold or stress.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Blood clot in a deep vein, typically in the leg; important to assess for potential pulmonary embolism.
Musculoskeletal Signs
- Goniometer: Device used to measure joint angles and movements effectively.
- Swelling Over The Mid-Clavicle: May indicate non-union fracture complications.
- Congenital Absence of Extremities: Refers to malformations present at birth, affecting mobility and functionality.
Neck Examination
- Goiter: Enlarged thyroid gland, indicating potential thyroid function disorders or iodine deficiency.
- Brachial Cyst: Congenital, often asymptomatic swelling in the neck or shoulder area.
- Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Localized enlargement of the carotid artery that can lead to serious complications.
Pediatric Considerations
- Dehydrated Baby: Indicates fluid loss; crucial to assess hydration status in infants.
- Hydrocele: Fluid accumulation in the scrotal sac, typically benign.
- Moro Reflex: Startle reflex in infants indicating neurological development; present at birth and fades over time.
Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Goiter: Can affect pregnancy and fetal development; should be monitored.
- Lymphedema: Swelling due to lymphatic obstruction, can be a concern postpartum.
- Nipple Retraction: May indicate underlying pathology or complications in breast tissue during examination.
These notes encompass key observations and important concepts related to various medical disciplines, emphasizing clinical significance in diagnosis and treatment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various dermatological conditions, including their symptoms and related terms. This quiz covers topics such as balding, psoriasis, and different skin infections. See how well you understand conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and acne vulgaris!
