Dermatitis and Urticaria Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely cause of atopic dermatitis?

  • Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
  • Chronic venous insufficiency
  • Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies (correct)
  • Direct skin contact with irritants

    • Which allergen is commonly associated with allergic contact dermatitis?

  • Cold weather
  • Excessive sebum
  • Malassezia yeast
  • Nickel (correct)

    • What is a common irritant that causes irritant contact dermatitis?

  • Malassezia yeast
  • Environmental allergens
  • Soaps and detergents (correct)
  • Food allergens

    • Which of the following is a risk factor for stasis dermatitis?

    <p>Varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the immune system play in the pathophysiology of dermatitis?

    <p>It is involved in inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatitis is associated with excessive sebum production?

    <p>Seborrheic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about dermatitis types is accurate?

    <p>Atopic dermatitis may be triggered by environmental and food allergens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune reaction is primarily involved in urticaria?

    <p>IgE-mediated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a common trigger for urticaria?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the sensitization phase of urticaria?

    <p>IgE antibodies are produced and bind to mast cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon re-exposure to an allergen, which process occurs first?

    <p>Degranulation of mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical manifestations of urticaria?

    <p>Transitional itchy wheals that can vary in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inflammatory mediator is primarily responsible for the symptomatology in urticaria?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the transmissibility of urticaria?

    <p>Urticaria is not transmissible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors may contribute to the predisposition to urticaria?

    <p>Individual genetic makeup and certain environmental exposures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of filaggrin protein deficiency in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Increased water loss from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunological response is involved in Allergic Contact Dermatitis upon first exposure to an allergen?

    <p>Sensitization of Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Irritant Contact Dermatitis from Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>It results from direct damage to skin without immune involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is primarily associated with Stasis Dermatitis due to venous hypertension?

    <p>Plasma leakage into the dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Transmissible from person to person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Family history of atopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the inflammatory response in Seborrheic Dermatitis?

    <p>Malassezia yeast overgrowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is most likely to experience allergic contact dermatitis due to occupational exposure?

    <p>Construction workers and cleaners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytotoxic T cells in the Type IV hypersensitivity reaction seen in Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>Attack and destroy antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the chronic inflammation seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Activation of T-helper cells and interleukin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes urticaria, also known as hives?

    <p>Type I hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Irritant Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>Involves the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is directly related to stasis dermatitis?

    <p>Venous insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with what condition are at higher risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental trigger might exacerbate symptoms of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Dust mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about dermatitis?

    <p>Seborrheic dermatitis can spread from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one modifiable risk factor for urticaria?

    <p>Exposure to shellfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to potentially trigger urticaria?

    <p>Antibiotics like penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals with urticaria, what is the likely pathogenetic mechanism involved?

    <p>Histamine release due to mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to develop chronic urticaria?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of acne vulgaris?

    <p>Hormonal changes resulting in increased sebum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes contribute to acne vulgaris?

    <p>Shifting to a pathogenic role triggering inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-modifiable risk factor is associated with a higher incidence of acne vulgaris?

    <p>Age, particularly during adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to be a modifiable risk factor for urticaria?

    <p>Age-related skin changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first pathological change that occurs in the development of acne vulgaris?

    <p>Hyperkeratinization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do androgens play in the development of acne vulgaris?

    <p>They stimulate the sebaceous glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after Cutibacterium acnes colonizes the sebaceous follicle?

    <p>It releases lipases that irritate the follicle wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for acne vulgaris?

    <p>Exposure to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of follicular wall rupture in acne vulgaris?

    <p>Release of trapped sebum and bacteria into the dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of condition is acne vulgaris classified as?

    <p>Chronic inflammatory condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors specifically increases sebaceous gland activity?

    <p>Androgens during puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fatty acids affect the follicle in acne vulgaris?

    <p>They irritate the follicle wall, promoting inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary - Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin

    • Dermatitis, or eczema, is a general term for inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic, contact, seborrheic, and stasis dermatitis.

    Atopic Dermatitis (AD)

    • Cause: Likely a type I hypersensitivity reaction, mediated by IgE antibodies, often associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema family history.
    • Triggers: Environmental allergens, food allergens, irritants, and microbial antigens.
    • Genetic component: Mutations in the filaggrin gene linked to AD.

    Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)

    • Cause: Type IV hypersensitivity reaction, mediated by T cells.
    • Allergens: Commonly include poison ivy, nickel, fragrances, latex, and certain medications.

    Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD)

    • Cause: Direct skin contact with irritants causing inflammation without immune system involvement.
    • Irritants: Chemicals, soaps, detergents, and repeated water exposure.

    Stasis Dermatitis

    • Cause: Chronic venous insufficiency (poor blood flow in the veins) with blood pooling in lower legs.
    • Risk Factors: Older age, varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and obesity.

    Seborrheic Dermatitis

    • Cause: Associated with overgrowth of Malassezia yeast and excessive sebum production.
    • Triggers: Stress, cold weather, and immunosuppression.

    Pathophysiology (General)

    • Immune system activation
    • Skin barrier dysfunction
    • Inflammation

    Atopic Dermatitis (AD) Pathophysiology

    • Impaired skin barrier: Filaggrin deficiency increases water loss and permeability, allowing allergens to penetrate.
    • Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction: Exposure to allergens triggers IgE antibody production, mast cell degranulation, histamine release, causing itching, redness, and swelling.
    • Chronic inflammation: Persistent antigen exposure activates T-helper cells, resulting in the release of interleukins (IL-4, IL-13) further disrupting the skin barrier.

    Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) Pathophysiology

    • Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction: Initial allergen exposure sensitizes Langerhans cells.
    • Re-exposure: Activates memory T cells leading to cytokine and chemokine production attracting inflammatory cells to cause swelling, redness, and vesicles.

    Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) Pathophysiology

    • Direct damage to skin: Irritants directly damage keratinocytes and disrupt the skin barrier.
    • Repeated exposure: Chronic irritants cause skin desquamation and barrier breakdown.

    Stasis Dermatitis Pathophysiology

    • Venous hypertension: Chronic insufficiency causes blood pooling, increased capillary pressure, and plasma leakage into the dermis.
    • Inflammatory Cascade: Plasma proteins activate inflammatory cells releasing cytokines triggering fibrosis and skin discoloration.

    Seborrheic Dermatitis Pathophysiology

    • Malassezia Yeast Overgrowth: Yeast colonization triggers an inflammatory response from pro-inflammatory metabolites.
    • Excess Sebum: Sebum production clogs hair follicles leading to an ideal environment for the yeast.

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    Integumentary Inflammatory Skin Disorders Midterm Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various types of dermatitis and urticaria. This quiz covers causes, triggers, immune responses, and clinical manifestations related to these skin conditions. Perfect for students or professionals in dermatology or related fields.

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