Derecho y Función Social - Tema 1

TEMA 1: Sentido y Función del Derecho

• Ser Humano y Sociabilidad: Humans are social beings, creating conflicts and needing systems of control.

• Sistemas de Control Social: Formal controls (police, courts) and informal controls (family, schools) exist to regulate behavior.

• Derecho: Aims to regulate social behavior through rules and to resolve conflicts, aiming for practicality, effectiveness, and execution. It uses norms created by individuals in power and enforced by authorities.

• Derecho como Estructura: Consists of rules created and enforced by state organs. These rules govern external actions, are authoritative and codified , and are enforced through consequences. Their creation, enforcement and change follow strict procedures.

• Derecho y Contexto Social: Human actions in society are mostly governed by regulations. Law is shaped by social processes and, in turn, influences society.

• Relación entre las Estructuras Jurídicas y el Contexto Social: Legal frameworks depend on the social context and the dominant social groups.

• Violencia en la Infancia: The organic law of 8/2021, aims to provide integral protection to children and adolescents and outlines specialized courts. Critically, these courts exist both in the first and second judicial instance.

Conceptos Jurídicos Básicos

• Derecho Privado: Deals with relationships between individuals (e.g., contracts, property). Includes Commercial and Civil Law.

• Derecho Público: Governs relationships between individuals and the state (e.g. Administrative law, criminal law). Includes Administrative, Criminal, and Procedural Law.

• Derecho Penal: Covers criminal offenses and the related laws and procedures, including penalties for adults or minors under 18.

• Derecho Procesal: Sets the rules and procedures for applying the law in legal cases. It dictates the ways that legal proceedings happen.

Otros Aspectos

• Legislativo: Creating new laws and altering existing ones.

• Judicial: Applying laws and resolving disputes.

• Ejecutivo: Enforcing regulations and penalties.

• Eficacia Jurídica: The measure of a law's effectiveness in changing human behaviors.

• Conducencia: The ability of norms to encourage compliance.

• Eficacia de las sanciones: The effect of penalization on conduct.

• Órganos Judiciales: The different levels of courts (Supreme Courts, Provincial Courts, courts of first instance, etc.) exist to apply rules and settle disputes in various jurisdictions.

• Registro Civil: Public registry for vital records (birth, marriage, death).

• Juzgados de Paz: Local courts dealing with issues like civil and criminal cases in areas with no higher court.

• Psicología Jurídica: Application of psychology in legal contexts. This can include things like how people behave in court, and the factors influencing verdicts or judgments.

Este cuestionario explora el sentido y función del derecho en la regulación del comportamiento social. Se analizarán los sistemas de control social, la creación de normas y la relación entre el derecho y el contexto social. Prepárate para reflexionar sobre el papel del derecho en la sociedad moderna.