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Questions and Answers
What does the concept of dualism in Gnosticism primarily distinguish between?
What does the concept of dualism in Gnosticism primarily distinguish between?
Which ancient religion is known for its dualistic belief in the struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu?
Which ancient religion is known for its dualistic belief in the struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu?
Esotericism is characterized by teachings intended for which group?
Esotericism is characterized by teachings intended for which group?
Kabbalah is an example of esotericism primarily associated with which religious tradition?
Kabbalah is an example of esotericism primarily associated with which religious tradition?
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Hermeticism is based on writings attributed to which figure?
Hermeticism is based on writings attributed to which figure?
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Which worldview incorporates the belief in a single underlying reality?
Which worldview incorporates the belief in a single underlying reality?
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Which school of thought represents a Dharmic perspective on the unity of self and ultimate reality?
Which school of thought represents a Dharmic perspective on the unity of self and ultimate reality?
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What term best describes the worship of multiple deities with distinct personalities and attributes?
What term best describes the worship of multiple deities with distinct personalities and attributes?
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In what way does dualism differ from monism in religious context?
In what way does dualism differ from monism in religious context?
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Which of the following best illustrates a major characteristic of Greek mythology?
Which of the following best illustrates a major characteristic of Greek mythology?
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Study Notes
Worldviews of Major Religions
- Understanding the major religions' worldviews is essential for appreciating their rituals and practices.
Monistic Worldview
- Etymology: Derived from Greek "monos," meaning "single" or "alone."
- Definition: Belief that all reality is fundamentally one with all entities attributed to a single substance.
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Examples:
- Advaita Vedanta: Hindu philosophy asserting the unity of Atman (self) and Brahman (ultimate reality).
- Spinozism: Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza, claiming God and nature are one substance.
Polytheistic Worldview
- Etymology: From Greek "poly-" meaning "many" and "theos" meaning "god."
- Definition: Worship of multiple gods, each embodying distinct characteristics and powers.
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Examples:
- Greek Mythology: Deities like Zeus, Athena, and Apollo representing various human experiences and natural elements.
- Gnosticism: Dualistic view contrasting material and spiritual worlds.
Esoteric Teachings
- Etymology: From Greek "esoterikos," meaning "inner" or "secret."
- Definition: Hidden teachings meant for a select group, revealing deeper truths to those initiated.
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Examples:
- Kabbalah: Mystical interpretation of Judaism exploring divine aspects.
- Hermeticism: Philosophical system based on Hermes Trismegistus's writings, involving mystical knowledge.
Theosophy as a Combined Approach
- Theosophical Society: Founded by Helena Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott, merging Eastern religions and Western occult philosophies.
- Focuses on understanding divine wisdom through various religious traditions.
Summary of Key Concepts
- Gnosticism emphasizes hidden knowledge to transcend the material world.
- Dualism highlights the conflict between opposing forces, especially good vs. evil.
- Esotericism signifies teachings for the enlightened few, similar to Gnosticism's hidden knowledge.
- Mysticism encourages direct personal experience with the divine, paralleling Gnostic pursuits.
- Spirituality is characterized by holistic view, quest for meaning and the sacred, and self-reflective existence.
Perspectives on Religion
- Seen as:
- Social Control
- Ritual
- Mother
- Virus
These elements provide a framework for understanding the diverse human efforts to comprehend the divine, cosmos, and reality's nature.
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