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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate percentage of the total body fluid that is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Which of the following is NOT a major component of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
What is the approximate percentage of extracellular fluid (ECF) that is interstitial fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the composition of body fluids?
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What is the net movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane called?
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Which of the following is responsible for the electrical properties of electrolytes in body fluids?
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What is the term used to describe a solution where the concentrations of solutes are equal?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cation found in the living system?
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What is the primary function of calcium ions (Ca+2) in the body?
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Which of the following ions affects the osmolality of blood and influences blood volume and pressure?
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What is the primary function of magnesium (Mg+2) ions in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an excretory product in the body?
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Which of the following statements about electrolytes is correct?
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect body fluid balance?
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What is the approximate percentage of total body water in a newborn baby?
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Which of the following statements about intracellular fluids (ICF) is correct?
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What is the balance between typical fluid intake and output in a 70 kg adult per 24 hours?
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between electrolyte balance and fluid balance?
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Study Notes
Electrolytes and Fluid Balance
- Electrolytes are minerals in the body that have an electric charge, found in blood, urine, and body fluids.
- Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps regulate blood chemistry, muscle action, and other bodily processes.
Fluid Balance and Electrolyte Balance
- Fluid balance: the amount of water gained each day equals the amount lost.
- Electrolyte balance: the ion gain each day equals the ion loss.
- Acid-base balance: H+ gain is offset by their loss.
Body Fluid Compartments
- There are two distinct fluid compartments: Extracellular Fluids (ECF) and Intracellular Fluids (ICF).
- ECF: all fluids outside cells, including interstitial fluid, plasma, and minor components.
- ICF: all fluids inside cells, making up about two-thirds of the total body water.
Factors Affecting Body Fluids
- Age: 80% in babies, 60% in adults, 40% in aged clients.
- Gender: affects body fluid composition.
- Body fat content: affects body fluid composition.
Osmolality and Concentration
- Isotonic: solutions with equal concentration of solutes.
- Hypertonic: solutions with a higher concentration of solutes.
- Hypotonic: solutions with a lower concentration of solutes.
Common Cations and Anions
- Cations: Na+, Cl+, K+
- Anions: H2PO4-, Mg2+, HPO42-, Ca2+, HCO3-, Fe2+
Electrolytes in Body Fluids
- Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, primarily found in bones and teeth.
- Calcium salts function in blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, and muscle contraction.
- Calcium levels are controlled by parathyroid and calcitrol.
- Imbalances in calcium concentrations affect bones, kidneys, and the gastrointestinal tract.
- Calcium influences neuromuscular activity by regulating the permeability of cell membranes.
- Sodium affects blood osmolality, blood volume, and pressure, and the retention or loss of interstitial fluid.
- Potassium affects muscular activities, neural stimulation, and the heart, intestines, and respiratory tract.
- Mg2+ ions act as cofactors for enzymes and are primarily found in intracellular fluids.
Excretion
- Excretion is the process of eliminating unwanted metabolic products.
- Main organs concerned with excretion are the kidneys.
- Excretion includes carbon dioxide, nitrogen, salts, urine, bile pigments, hair, and nails.
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Description
This quiz covers the topic of acids, bases, and salt ions in the body and fluids, with a focus on electrolytes. Learn about the importance of maintaining the right balance of electrolytes for your body's blood chemistry, muscle action, and other processes.
