Dentistry: Acids, Bases and Salt Ions in the Body

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the approximate percentage of the total body fluid that is extracellular fluid (ECF)?

80%

50%

25%

66% (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a major component of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Interstitial fluid

Intracellular fluid (ICF) (correct)

Plasma

Respiratory and urinary tract fluids

What is the approximate percentage of extracellular fluid (ECF) that is interstitial fluid?

80%

25% (correct)

50%

5-8%

Which of the following is NOT a component of the composition of body fluids?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the net movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane called?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the electrical properties of electrolytes in body fluids?

Dissociation into charged particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a solution where the concentrations of solutes are equal?

Isotonic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cation found in the living system?

Cl+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcium ions (Ca+2) in the body?

Structural component of bones and teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions affects the osmolality of blood and influences blood volume and pressure?

Sodium (Na+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of magnesium (Mg+2) ions in the body?

Functioning as cofactors for enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an excretory product in the body?

Hair and nails Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about electrolytes is correct?

All of the above statements are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect body fluid balance?

Dietary intake of electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of total body water in a newborn baby?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about intracellular fluids (ICF) is correct?

ICF refers to the cytosol of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the balance between typical fluid intake and output in a 70 kg adult per 24 hours?

The text does not provide this information. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between electrolyte balance and fluid balance?

Both statements (a) and (b) are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrolytes and Fluid Balance

Electrolytes are minerals in the body that have an electric charge, found in blood, urine, and body fluids.
Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps regulate blood chemistry, muscle action, and other bodily processes.

Fluid Balance and Electrolyte Balance

Fluid balance: the amount of water gained each day equals the amount lost.
Electrolyte balance: the ion gain each day equals the ion loss.
Acid-base balance: H+ gain is offset by their loss.

Body Fluid Compartments

There are two distinct fluid compartments: Extracellular Fluids (ECF) and Intracellular Fluids (ICF).
ECF: all fluids outside cells, including interstitial fluid, plasma, and minor components.
ICF: all fluids inside cells, making up about two-thirds of the total body water.

Factors Affecting Body Fluids

Age: 80% in babies, 60% in adults, 40% in aged clients.
Gender: affects body fluid composition.
Body fat content: affects body fluid composition.

Osmolality and Concentration

Isotonic: solutions with equal concentration of solutes.
Hypertonic: solutions with a higher concentration of solutes.
Hypotonic: solutions with a lower concentration of solutes.

Common Cations and Anions

Cations: Na+, Cl+, K+
Anions: H2PO4-, Mg2+, HPO42-, Ca2+, HCO3-, Fe2+

Electrolytes in Body Fluids

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, primarily found in bones and teeth.
Calcium salts function in blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, and muscle contraction.
Calcium levels are controlled by parathyroid and calcitrol.
Imbalances in calcium concentrations affect bones, kidneys, and the gastrointestinal tract.
Calcium influences neuromuscular activity by regulating the permeability of cell membranes.
Sodium affects blood osmolality, blood volume, and pressure, and the retention or loss of interstitial fluid.
Potassium affects muscular activities, neural stimulation, and the heart, intestines, and respiratory tract.
Mg2+ ions act as cofactors for enzymes and are primarily found in intracellular fluids.

Excretion

Excretion is the process of eliminating unwanted metabolic products.
Main organs concerned with excretion are the kidneys.
Excretion includes carbon dioxide, nitrogen, salts, urine, bile pigments, hair, and nails.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the topic of acids, bases, and salt ions in the body and fluids, with a focus on electrolytes. Learn about the importance of maintaining the right balance of electrolytes for your body's blood chemistry, muscle action, and other processes.