Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatment Methods

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What is the mechanism of action of arginine-based product pro-ArginTM in reducing dentin hypersensitivity?

Arginine binds to negatively charged tubules, attracting a calcium-rich layer from saliva to infiltrate and block the dentinal tubules, reducing the flow of dentinal fluid in the tubules.

How does 0.5% solution of prednisolone on exposed root surface help in reducing dentin hypersensitivity?

It induces remineralization resulting in occlusion of dentinal tubules.

What is the objective of fluoride iontophoresis in treating dentin hypersensitivity?

To drive fluoride ions more deeply into the dentinal tubules that cannot be achieved with topical application of fluoride alone.

What is the mechanism of action of laser therapy in treating dentin hypersensitivity?

Occlusion of dentinal tubules, for example, using NdYAG laser. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in the mechanism of action of pro-ArginTM?

Saliva plays a role in reducing dentin hypersensitivity by providing a calcium-rich layer that infiltrates and blocks the dentinal tubules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the instant relief provided by pro-ArginTM due to?

The dentin plug formed by the calcium-rich layer from saliva, which reduces the flow of dentinal fluid in the tubules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Er:YAG laser in treating dentin hypersensitivity?

Coagulation of proteins within the tubules and blocking the fluid movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of NovaMin bioactive glass that acts as a nucleation site for precipitation of calcium and phosphate?

Silica Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nanoHAP in treating dentin hypersensitivity?

Uniformly occludes the dentinal tubules with a dentinal plug and forms a protective layer on the surface of the dentine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of oxalates on dentin hypersensitivity?

Deposition of insoluble salts in dentinal tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fluoride in dentinal permeability?

Reduces dentinal permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of potassium nitrate in dentifrices for treating dentin hypersensitivity?

Potassium nitrate acts by penetrating A delta fibers and reducing their excitability. Signup and view all the answers

How do fluoride-containing varnishes reduce dentin hypersensitivity?

Fluoride decreases the dentinal permeability by precipitating calcium fluoride crystals in the tubules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying dentin bonding agents in treating dentin hypersensitivity?

Dentin bonding agents are applied to seal the dentinal tubules. Signup and view all the answers

How do oxalates reduce dentin hypersensitivity?

Oxalates precipitate and occlude the open dentinal tubules, reacting with calcium ions to form calcium oxalate crystals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 5% glutaraldehyde in dentin bonding agents for treating dentin hypersensitivity?

When combined with 35% HEMA, 5% glutaraldehyde causes coagulation of proteins inside the dentinal tubules. Signup and view all the answers

In what cases are gingival grafts indicated for treating dentin hypersensitivity?

Gingival grafts are indicated in cases where gingival recession is progressive and treatment is not responding to conventional methods. Signup and view all the answers

What is the acronym 'laser' short for?

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What determines the name of a dental laser?

The active medium that is stimulated Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic methods of exciting the active medium in a laser?

Optical, electrical, and chemical Signup and view all the answers

What are the three unique properties of laser light?

Monochromatic, directional, and coherent Signup and view all the answers

What determines the interactions, indications, and specificity of a laser's use in treatment procedures?

The wavelength of the laser's light Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the active medium in a laser?

It contains atoms whose electrons can be excited to a metastable energy level by an energy source Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of the microirregularities on the enamel surface after Er:YAG laser etching?

The microirregularities make the enamel surface microretentive, offering a mechanism of adhesion without acid-etching. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the bond strength of composite to laser-etched enamel and dentine tend to be weaker than that obtained after conventional acid etching?

The presence of subsurface fissuring after laser radiation contributes to the weaker bond strength and high prevalence of cohesive tooth fractures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using argon laser curing over conventional quartz tungsten halogen lamp units in terms of temperature increase?

The temperature increase at the level of the dental pulp is much less with argon laser curing. Signup and view all the answers

How does argon laser radiation affect the surface chemistry of enamel and root surface dentine?

Argon laser radiation alters the surface chemistry of both enamel and root surface dentine, reducing the probability of recurrent caries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of subsurface fissuring on the bonding of composite to laser-etched enamel and dentine?

The subsurface fissuring contributes to the high prevalence of cohesive tooth fractures in bonding of both laser-etched enamel and dentine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using argon laser curing in terms of curing time and depth of cure?

Argon laser curing reduces the curing time and improves the depth of cure. Signup and view all the answers

How does laser irradiation of dental hard tissues modify the calcium to phosphate ratio, and what is the resulting effect on caries prevention?

Laser irradiation modifies the calcium to phosphate ratio, reducing the carbonate to phosphorous ratio, leading to the formation of more stable and less acid soluble compounds, reducing susceptibility to acid attack and caries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of laser bleaching, and how does it achieve effective power bleaching?

The objective of laser bleaching is to achieve an effective power bleaching process using the most efficient energy source, while avoiding any adverse effects, by raising the temperature of hydrogen peroxide, accelerating the chemical process of bleaching. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using an Er: YAG laser in treating cervically exposed hypersensitive dentine, compared to conventional desensitizing systems?

The maintenance of a positive result is more prolonged with an Er: YAG laser than with other agents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of laser irradiation on enamel surfaces, and how does it relate to caries prevention?

Enamel surfaces exposed to laser irradiation are more acid resistant than non-laser treated surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential of lasers in hard tissue applications, and how can it improve treatment outcomes?

The ongoing evaluation of lasers in hard tissue applications can greatly improve the success rate of treatment outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which lasers prevent caries, and what is the resulting effect on dental hard tissues?

Lasers prevent caries by modifying the composition of dental hard tissues, leading to the formation of more stable and less acid soluble compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common causes of erosion, and which surface of the upper teeth is affected by this factor?

Gastric acids are the most common causes of erosion, and they affect the palatal surface of the upper teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What type of food and drinks can cause erosion, and how do they contribute to the problem?

Food and drinks of acidic nature, such as low pH cola drinks and fruit juices, can cause erosion, and frequent ingestion can lead to demineralization of tooth structure. Signup and view all the answers

What dental materials can cause irritation of the pulp tissue, and how can they be used safely?

Certain filling and lining materials, such as silicate and acrylic filling materials, can cause irritation of the pulp tissue, and they should be used with liners to minimize the risk. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gastric acid on tooth structure, and how can it be compensated for?

Gastric acid can cause demineralization of tooth structure, and its lack can be compensated for by the oral administration of concentrated hydrochloric acid, which should be taken through a straw or glass tube to avoid erosion on the lingual surface of the upper teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What are the extrinsic factors that contribute to tooth erosion, and how do they affect the tooth structure?

Extrinsic factors, such as industrial acids, acidic food and drinks, and certain medications, can contribute to tooth erosion, and they can cause demineralization of the enamel and dentin, leading to a deeper pattern of destruction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial presentation of erosion on the tooth structure, and how does it progress if left untreated?

The initial presentation of erosion is a rounded, cupped-out defect confined to the enamel, and if left untreated, the loss of tooth structure will accelerate once dentin has been reached, leading to a deeper pattern of destruction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate response of the pulp to injury?

Necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the four categories of pulp irritants?

Microbial, Physical, Irradiation, Chemical Signup and view all the answers

What is the most prevalent microbial irritant of the pulp?

Caries Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect the response of the pulp to bacteria?

Speed of bacterial ingress and progress of caries Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are present in dental caries and can cause irritation of the pulp?

Streptococci, lactobacilli, and actinomyces Signup and view all the answers

How does the population of microorganisms in carious dentin change with depth?

Decreases to few or none in the deepest layers Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of irritants that can affect the dental pulp, and what are the typical effects of each on the pulp?

The three types of irritants are short-term, long-term, and traumatic. Short-term irritants cause acute inflammation followed by resolution and repair. Long-term irritants cause chronic inflammation and eventually pulp necrosis. Traumatic irritants can cause severing of the apical blood vessels, leading to pulp necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common examples of short-term irritants that can affect the dental pulp?

Cutting or drying of cavities during tooth preparation and traumatic injuries that have not displaced the tooth are examples of short-term irritants. Signup and view all the answers

What are some typical long-term irritants that can affect the dental pulp, and what are the consequences of prolonged exposure?

Dental caries, restorations breaking down, cracks, erosion, and chemical substances are examples of long-term irritants. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic inflammation and eventually pulp necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of trauma that causes displacement of the teeth on the apical blood vessels?

Trauma that causes displacement of the teeth can result in severing of the apical blood vessels, which may not be able to heal and revascularize the pulp. Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of long-term irritation on the dental pulp, and what is the eventual outcome if left untreated?

Long-term irritation can cause chronic inflammation of the pulp, and if left untreated, can lead to pulp necrosis and eventually infection of the pulp space. Signup and view all the answers

How do the effects of short-term and long-term irritants differ in terms of the outcome for the dental pulp?

Short-term irritants typically cause acute inflammation followed by resolution and repair, while long-term irritants cause chronic inflammation and eventually pulp necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

How does the type of bur, speed, pressure, and way of use affect the pulpal irritation during cavity preparation?

The type of bur, speed, pressure, and way of use can affect the pulpal irritation during cavity preparation, leading to thermal irritation, which can cause damage to the pulp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of radiation therapy on the pulp and salivary glands in patients with malignant growth in the head and neck region?

Radiation therapy can cause necrosis of odontoblasts and other cells, leading to a decrease in salivary flow, which can affect the pulp and require endodontic treatment. Signup and view all the answers

How do acid cleansing agents used in cavity preparation affect the permeability of dentinal tubules and increase the risk of pulpal inflammation?

Acid cleansing agents can increase the permeability of dentinal tubules, allowing irritating substances to penetrate deeper, which can increase the risk of pulpal inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acidic food and drinks on the tooth structure, and how can it contribute to erosion?

Acidic food and drinks can cause chemical erosion of the tooth structure, leading to a loss of dental hard tissue and potentially affecting the pulp. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the compatibility of dental materials with the pulp tissue during restorative procedures?

The compatibility of dental materials with the pulp tissue is crucial to avoid irritation and inflammation, which can lead to pulpal damage or necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

How can the use of specific dental materials, such as chelating agents, affect the pulp and influence the outcome of restorative procedures?

The use of specific dental materials, such as chelating agents, can affect the pulp by increasing the permeability of dentinal tubules, which can lead to pulpal inflammation or irritation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intrinsic factor that contributes to tooth erosion?

Gastric acid Signup and view all the answers

How can food and drinks of acidic nature contribute to tooth erosion?

By frequent ingestion, which can cause demineralization of the tooth structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gastric acid on the tooth structure?

It can cause demineralization and erosion of the tooth structure, especially on the palatal surface of the upper teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which dental material can cause irritation of the pulp tissue if used without liners?

Silicate filling material Signup and view all the answers

What is the common extrinsic factor that can cause erosion of the labial surface of anterior teeth?

Industrial acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of tooth erosion if left untreated?

The loss of tooth structure will accelerate, and a deeper pattern of destruction will be seen Signup and view all the answers

What is D-Abrasion, and how does it occur?

D-Abrasion is an abnormal tooth surface loss resulting from direct frictional forces between the teeth and external objects or from frictional forces between contacting teeth in the presence of an abrasive medium. It occurs due to improper brushing or habits such as holding a pipe between the teeth, tobacco chewing, and chewing on hard objects like pens or pencils. Signup and view all the answers

What is E-Attrition, and what are its effects on the pulp?

E-Attrition is a mechanical wear of the incisal or occlusal surfaces due to functional or parafunctional movements of the mandible, such as tooth grinding or bruxism. Pulp death or inflammation can occur when attrition exceeds the rate of deposition of reparative dentin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thermal irrigation on dentine, and how can it contribute to dentin hypersensitivity?

Thermal irrigation during tooth preparation can cause dehydration of dentine and aspiration of moisture through dentinal tubules, leading to dentin hypersensitivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gastric acid on tooth structure, and how can it contribute to erosion?

Gastric acid can cause erosion of tooth structure, leading to a loss of tooth substance and potential hypersensitivity. Signup and view all the answers

How do acidic food and drinks affect the tooth structure, and what is their role in erosion?

Acidic food and drinks can cause erosion of tooth structure by dissolving the minerals in tooth enamel, leading to a loss of tooth substance and potential hypersensitivity. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the compatibility of dental materials with pulp tissue during restorative procedures?

It is important to consider the compatibility of dental materials with pulp tissue to prevent irritation or inflammation of the pulp, which can lead to adverse outcomes. Signup and view all the answers