131 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?
Producing hormones for digestion
What is the process called when food is moved through the gastrointestinal tract by rhythmic contractions?
Peristalsis
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the oral cavity?
Esophagus
What are the segments of the small intestine called?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal sphincter
What is the tube that runs from the mouth to the anus called?
Gastrointestinal tract
Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ?
Stomach
Which type of animals have simple, single stomachs?
All of the above
What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract called?
Serosa
What is the wavelike movement along the digestive tract that propels contents ahead of them called?
Peristalsis
Which type of muscle is primarily arranged in circular and longitudinal layers in the digestive tract?
Smooth muscle
Which salivary gland is ventral to the ear canals?
Parotid salivary glands
Which type of teeth are good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, and shredding?
Canines
Which part of the stomach acts like a pump, grinding up swallowed food and regulating hydrochloric acid?
Pyloric antrum
Which sphincter regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?
Pylorus
revisit What stimulates mixing, grinding, and propulsive contractions in the pyloric antrum of the stomach?
Swallowing
What is the primary function of the small intestines?
Absorption of fluids and nutrients
Which segment of the small intestines is responsible for most chemical digestion and absorption?
Jejunum
What stimulates small intestinal peristalsis?
Reflexes in response to dilation of a segment of the bowel
Which teeth are designated as grasping teeth?
Incisors
What is the dental formula for an adult bovine?
I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3
What is the function of saliva in the oral cavity?
Initiate chemical digestion
What is the role of the esophagus?
Transport of swallowed material from oropharynx to stomach
Which part of the monogastric stomach is a large mixing chamber?
Body
What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?
All of the above
Which portion of the pancreas is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon?
Pancreatic islets - beta cells=insulin, alpha cells=glucagon
Which organ is the largest digestive gland in the body?
Liver
What is the primary function of the gallbladder?
Store and concentrate bile
What type of teeth are found in carnivores and how are they structured?
Incisors, canines, premolars, molars; sharp and pointed
What is the main role of the large intestines?
Both A and B
What controls the internal and external muscular sphincters of the anus?
Both A and C
Match the term to it's definition
Herbivores = Plant eating animals (cattle, sheep, goats) Monogastric = Simple single stomach Ruminant = multiple mixing and fermentation compartments in addition to stomach Omnivores = Animals that eat plant material and meat
Match the term to the definition
Prehension = Grasping of food with the lips or teeth Mastication = Mechanical grinding and breaking down of food Upper arcade = Contained in the maxilla and the incisive bones Lower arcade = Contained in the mandible
What is the act of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces
MATCH
Salivary glands = Usually paired and located near oral cavity Parotid salivary glands = Ventral to the ear canal Mandibular salivary glands = Ventral to the parotid glands at the caudal angle of the mandible Sublingual salivary glands = Medial to the shafts of the mandible just under the base
Match to its best description
Carnivore teeth = slightly curved towards the mouth; good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, shredding Herbivore teeth = flat occlusal surfaces; good for grinding plant and grain material Incisors = grasping teeth, most rostral of the upper and lower arcade Canines = tearing teeth, longer than other teeth
Which of the following is located at the corners of the incisors
Canines
Which of the following are the rostral cheek teeth (they are the cutting teeth and have sharp points and surfaces in carnivores
Premolars
Which of the following are the grinding teeth (they are the caudal cheek teeth and have flatter occlusal surfaces)
Molars
Chemical digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and water and elimination of wastes are functions of
The digestive tract
Requirements for digestion and absorption of foodstuffs is always the same regardless of the diet of the animal
False
Requirements for digestion and absorption of foodstuffs varies depending on the diet of the animal
True
List the layers of the GI tract from inner to outer surface
Mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa
Mucosa = Lines the GI tract & is made up of epithelium and loose connective tissue Submucosa = Dense connective tissue, may contain glands Muscle layer = Outside the mucosa Serosa = Outermost layer, made up of thin, tough, connective tissue
The digestive tract musculature (the skeletal muscle that has voluntary control)
All of the above
The digestive tract musculature (smooth, involuntary) _______________
Makes up the wall of the majority of the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine and the internal anal sphincter
The mesentery
Suspends digestive tube in the abdomen from the dorsal body wall
The mesentery
Both A and C
The contraction of circular muscle fibers in the digestive tract narrows the tract
True
The contraction of circular muscle fibers in the digestive tract shortens the tract
False
The contraction of the longitudinal muscle fibers in the digestive tract shortens the tract
True
The contraction of the longitudinal muscle fibers in the digestive tract narrows the tract
False
Which of the following correspond to: Peristalsis
Propels digestive tract contents along the tube ahead of them
Segmental contractions _________
All of the above
Segmental contractions
Mix digestive tract contents and slows their movement through the tract
Which of the following makes up the buccal cavity
Lips, tongue, salivary glands, soft & hard palate, & oropharynx
Match the dental formulas
Canine puppy = i3/3 c1/1 p3/3 = 28 Canine adult = I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3 = 42 Feline kitten = i3/3 c1/1 p3/2 = 26 Feline adult = I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1 = 30
What represents the typical number of each type of tooth found in the upper and lower arcade (2 words)
Dental formula
The dental formula consists of (be specific)
Tooth type followed by 2 numbers separated by a slash mark or expressed as a fraction of one number over the other
Lower case letters in the dental formula represent the
Both A and C
Which of the following dont have upper incisors or upper canine teeth
All of the above
Dental pad
Flat thick connective tissue structure on the maxilla opposite lower incisors and canine teeth
The first number of the dental formula
Number of teeth in half of the upper arcade
The second number of the dental formula
Is the number in half of the lower arcade
The total number of teeth is determined by
Summing all the numbers in the dental formula and multiplying by 2
Match
Center of tooth = Pulp Blood and nerve supply enter here = Apex of tooth root Surrounds and protects tooth pulp = Dentin Covers tooth root and helps fasten the tooth securely in its bony socket = Cementum
Match
Covers the crown of the tooth = Enamel Epithelial tissue that composes the gums around the teeth = Gingiva Added to food as it is chewed = Saliva Enters the stomach at an angle in the cardia region = Esophagus
Hardest, toughest tissue in the body
Enamel
Oral cavity functions
Breaks down food into smaller particles that increase the surface area available for exposure to enzymes involved in chemical digestion
The oral cavity
All of the above
What initiated chemical digestion
Oral cavity
The esophagus
Is surrounded by a cardiac sphincter muscle
The cardiac sphincter muscle
Both A and B
In some species the cardiac sphincter muscle closure is so weak that they experience constant acid reflux and vomit often (horse and rabbit)
False
In some species the cardiac sphincter muscle closure is so strong that it prevents reflux or vomiting (horse and rabbit)
True
The different areas of the monogastric stomach, be specific
Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pylorus
Monogastric stomach, match
Cardia = opening from the esophagus Fundus = distensible blind pouch, expands as more food is swallowed Body = distensible middle section, large mixing chamber Fundus and body = contains numerous glands
G cells are
Endocrine cells that secrete gastrin
Where are the glands that contain G cells
Pyloric region
The pyloric sphincter
Prevents backflow of duodenal contents into the stomach
There are clear demarcations between the three segments of the small intestine
False
There are no clear demarcations between the three segments of the small intestine
True
Match
Relax with swallowing of food = Fundus and body Contracts to help mix food = Body of the stomach Increases contractions in response to swallowing = Pyloric antrum Amylase digestion of carbohydrates = Exocrine fx of pancreas
Match
Suspended from the body wall by the mesentary = Intestine Causes fundus to relax and increase contractions in the antrum = Parasympathetic stimulation Receives chyme through pyloric sphincter = Duodenum Can cause decrease in motility (gastric atomy) = Sympathetic stimulation
Match
Involved in small intestinal motility, secretions and blood flow = Parasympathetic stimulation Decreases blood flow = Sympathetic stimulation Longest part of the small intestine = Jejunum Double layer, connects peritoneum that links the stomach to the abdominal wall = Omentum
Involved in small intestine motility, secretions and blood flow
Parasympathetic stimulation
Can cause a decrease in motility
Sympathetic stimulation
Can cause a decrease in gastric motility
Sympathetic stimulation
Causes fundus to relax and increase contractions in the antrum
Parasympathetic stimulation
The duodenum jejunum and ileum can all perform the functions of the small intestine (peristalsis, absorption of nutrients and fluids)
True
The duodenum jejunum and ileum can NOT perform the functions of the small intestine (peristalsis, absorption of nutrients and fluids)
False
Peristalsis can also occur in the stomach and intestines
True
Peristalsis CANNOT occur in the stomach and intestines
False
Empties into the large intestine at the cecum in the horse, at the colon in the dog and cat or at the cecum and the colon in ruminants and pig)
Ileum
Structure of the intestine (choose best answer)
Inner mucosa, villi, microvilli, mucosa, submuscosa, muscle, serosa
The thickness of the layers of the intestines never change and is not dependent on the segment of the intestine
False
The thickness of the layers of the intestines changes and is dependent on the segment of the intestine
True
Each villus contains
Both A and C
The mucosa of the small intestine has
Both A and B
Microvilli (brush border) have
Digestive enzymes and carrier molecules embedded in the cell membrane
The small intestine peristalsis is
Both A and B
As the rectum distends
Stretch receptors in the rectum wall cause partial relaxation of the internal sphincter
When the rectum distends
Anal mucosal receptors increase the sense or need for defecation
Mixes intestinal contents (slow movement through intestines)
Segmental contractions
Help mix digestive enzymes with intestinal contents
Segmental contractions
Bring digested materials into contact with the surface of the intestinal tract for absorption
Segmental contractions
Endocrine part of the pancreas consists of
Pancreatic islets
The exocrine part of the pancreas consists of
Groups of acini
Match
Helps neutralize acidity of contents and maintains the pH in the duodenum needed for proper enzyme function = Exocrine fx of the pancreas Aids in digestion of carbohydrates = Amylase Aids in breakdown protein = Protease tryptin Aids in digestion of fat = Lipase
Secretes bicarbonate into the duodenum
Exocrine fx of the pancreas
Produces insulin and glucagon and helps regulate blood glucose levels
Endocrine fx of the pancreas
The enzymes produced in the exocrine portion of the pancreas are vital to digestion, what are their names
Lipase, amylase, nuclease, protease
Anticipation of food causes the exocrine fx of enzyme secretion to decrease
False
Anticipation of food causes the exocrine fx of enzyme secretion to increase
True
What enters the bloodstream through pores in adjacent sinusoids
Proteins made by hepatocytes
What is bile excreted by
Hepatocytes
Bile is necessary for
Both A and B
Bile is secreted into bile ducts, then hepatic ducts and then to the _________ for storage
Gallbladder
Removes toxins and infectious agents that enter the body through the wall of the GI tract
Liver
Stores and metabolizes nutrients absorbed from the GI tract
Liver
Produces most of the plasma proteins (including albumin), cholesterol and many of the blood clotting proteins
Liver
Aids the conversion of amino acids into ketoacids
Liver
ketoacids aid in
Both A and C
Located in the abdomen underneath the liver and near the pancreas
Gallbladder
Enters the duodenum to help digest high fat meals
Bile
Liver produces
Bile acids, cholesterol and bilirubin
What is the composition of bile
Bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, bile pigment
Provides means for liver to excrete waste products even when the animal is not eating
Gallbladder
Match
Terminal portion of the large intestine = Rectum Varies greatly between species = Large intestine Composed of internal and external muscular sphincters = Anus Thickness of layers changes and is dependent on the segment of the intestine = Intestines
Match
Nervous system controls motility and the secretions are similar to that of the colon = rectum Simple tubular organ = Large intestine Intrnal sphincter is under autonomic control = Anus free space = free space
Sensory receptors detect stretching and stimulate the defecation responde
Rectum
The rectum has
Numerous mucus-secreting glands that lubricate and aid in the passage of contents
we ball
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
