Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?
- Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
- Eliminating waste products
- Producing hormones for digestion (correct)
- Breaking down food into smaller molecules
What is the process called when food is moved through the gastrointestinal tract by rhythmic contractions?
What is the process called when food is moved through the gastrointestinal tract by rhythmic contractions?
- Absorption
- Peristalsis (correct)
- Excretion
- Digestion
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the oral cavity?
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the oral cavity?
- Esophagus (correct)
- Teeth
- Pharynx
- Tongue
What are the segments of the small intestine called?
What are the segments of the small intestine called?
What is the tube that runs from the mouth to the anus called?
What is the tube that runs from the mouth to the anus called?
Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ?
Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ?
Which type of animals have simple, single stomachs?
Which type of animals have simple, single stomachs?
What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract called?
What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract called?
What is the wavelike movement along the digestive tract that propels contents ahead of them called?
What is the wavelike movement along the digestive tract that propels contents ahead of them called?
Which type of muscle is primarily arranged in circular and longitudinal layers in the digestive tract?
Which type of muscle is primarily arranged in circular and longitudinal layers in the digestive tract?
Which salivary gland is ventral to the ear canals?
Which salivary gland is ventral to the ear canals?
Which type of teeth are good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, and shredding?
Which type of teeth are good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, and shredding?
Which part of the stomach acts like a pump, grinding up swallowed food and regulating hydrochloric acid?
Which part of the stomach acts like a pump, grinding up swallowed food and regulating hydrochloric acid?
Which sphincter regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?
Which sphincter regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?
revisit What stimulates mixing, grinding, and propulsive contractions in the pyloric antrum of the stomach?
revisit What stimulates mixing, grinding, and propulsive contractions in the pyloric antrum of the stomach?
What is the primary function of the small intestines?
What is the primary function of the small intestines?
Which segment of the small intestines is responsible for most chemical digestion and absorption?
Which segment of the small intestines is responsible for most chemical digestion and absorption?
What stimulates small intestinal peristalsis?
What stimulates small intestinal peristalsis?
Which teeth are designated as grasping teeth?
Which teeth are designated as grasping teeth?
What is the dental formula for an adult bovine?
What is the dental formula for an adult bovine?
What is the function of saliva in the oral cavity?
What is the function of saliva in the oral cavity?
What is the role of the esophagus?
What is the role of the esophagus?
Which part of the monogastric stomach is a large mixing chamber?
Which part of the monogastric stomach is a large mixing chamber?
What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?
What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?
Which portion of the pancreas is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon?
Which portion of the pancreas is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon?
Which organ is the largest digestive gland in the body?
Which organ is the largest digestive gland in the body?
What is the primary function of the gallbladder?
What is the primary function of the gallbladder?
What type of teeth are found in carnivores and how are they structured?
What type of teeth are found in carnivores and how are they structured?
What is the main role of the large intestines?
What is the main role of the large intestines?
What controls the internal and external muscular sphincters of the anus?
What controls the internal and external muscular sphincters of the anus?
Match the term to it's definition
Match the term to it's definition
Match the term to the definition
Match the term to the definition
What is the act of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces
What is the act of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces
MATCH
MATCH
Match to its best description
Match to its best description
Which of the following is located at the corners of the incisors
Which of the following is located at the corners of the incisors
Which of the following are the rostral cheek teeth (they are the cutting teeth and have sharp points and surfaces in carnivores
Which of the following are the rostral cheek teeth (they are the cutting teeth and have sharp points and surfaces in carnivores
Which of the following are the grinding teeth (they are the caudal cheek teeth and have flatter occlusal surfaces)
Which of the following are the grinding teeth (they are the caudal cheek teeth and have flatter occlusal surfaces)
Chemical digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and water and elimination of wastes are functions of
Chemical digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and water and elimination of wastes are functions of
Requirements for digestion and absorption of foodstuffs is always the same regardless of the diet of the animal
Requirements for digestion and absorption of foodstuffs is always the same regardless of the diet of the animal
Requirements for digestion and absorption of foodstuffs varies depending on the diet of the animal
Requirements for digestion and absorption of foodstuffs varies depending on the diet of the animal
List the layers of the GI tract from inner to outer surface
List the layers of the GI tract from inner to outer surface
The digestive tract musculature (the skeletal muscle that has voluntary control)
The digestive tract musculature (the skeletal muscle that has voluntary control)
The digestive tract musculature (smooth, involuntary) _______________
The digestive tract musculature (smooth, involuntary) _______________
The mesentery
The mesentery
The mesentery
The mesentery
The contraction of circular muscle fibers in the digestive tract narrows the tract
The contraction of circular muscle fibers in the digestive tract narrows the tract
The contraction of circular muscle fibers in the digestive tract shortens the tract
The contraction of circular muscle fibers in the digestive tract shortens the tract
The contraction of the longitudinal muscle fibers in the digestive tract shortens the tract
The contraction of the longitudinal muscle fibers in the digestive tract shortens the tract
The contraction of the longitudinal muscle fibers in the digestive tract narrows the tract
The contraction of the longitudinal muscle fibers in the digestive tract narrows the tract
Which of the following correspond to: Peristalsis
Which of the following correspond to: Peristalsis
Segmental contractions _________
Segmental contractions _________
Segmental contractions
Segmental contractions
Which of the following makes up the buccal cavity
Which of the following makes up the buccal cavity
Match the dental formulas
Match the dental formulas
What represents the typical number of each type of tooth found in the upper and lower arcade (2 words)
What represents the typical number of each type of tooth found in the upper and lower arcade (2 words)
The dental formula consists of (be specific)
The dental formula consists of (be specific)
Lower case letters in the dental formula represent the
Lower case letters in the dental formula represent the
Which of the following dont have upper incisors or upper canine teeth
Which of the following dont have upper incisors or upper canine teeth
Dental pad
Dental pad
The first number of the dental formula
The first number of the dental formula
The second number of the dental formula
The second number of the dental formula
The total number of teeth is determined by
The total number of teeth is determined by
Match
Match
Match
Match
Hardest, toughest tissue in the body
Hardest, toughest tissue in the body
Oral cavity functions
Oral cavity functions
The oral cavity
The oral cavity
What initiated chemical digestion
What initiated chemical digestion
The esophagus
The esophagus
The cardiac sphincter muscle
The cardiac sphincter muscle
In some species the cardiac sphincter muscle closure is so weak that they experience constant acid reflux and vomit often (horse and rabbit)
In some species the cardiac sphincter muscle closure is so weak that they experience constant acid reflux and vomit often (horse and rabbit)
In some species the cardiac sphincter muscle closure is so strong that it prevents reflux or vomiting (horse and rabbit)
In some species the cardiac sphincter muscle closure is so strong that it prevents reflux or vomiting (horse and rabbit)
The different areas of the monogastric stomach, be specific
The different areas of the monogastric stomach, be specific
Monogastric stomach, match
Monogastric stomach, match
G cells are
G cells are
Where are the glands that contain G cells
Where are the glands that contain G cells
The pyloric sphincter
The pyloric sphincter
There are clear demarcations between the three segments of the small intestine
There are clear demarcations between the three segments of the small intestine
There are no clear demarcations between the three segments of the small intestine
There are no clear demarcations between the three segments of the small intestine
Match
Match
Match
Match
Match
Match
Involved in small intestine motility, secretions and blood flow
Involved in small intestine motility, secretions and blood flow
Can cause a decrease in motility
Can cause a decrease in motility
Can cause a decrease in gastric motility
Can cause a decrease in gastric motility
Causes fundus to relax and increase contractions in the antrum
Causes fundus to relax and increase contractions in the antrum
The duodenum jejunum and ileum can all perform the functions of the small intestine (peristalsis, absorption of nutrients and fluids)
The duodenum jejunum and ileum can all perform the functions of the small intestine (peristalsis, absorption of nutrients and fluids)
The duodenum jejunum and ileum can NOT perform the functions of the small intestine (peristalsis, absorption of nutrients and fluids)
The duodenum jejunum and ileum can NOT perform the functions of the small intestine (peristalsis, absorption of nutrients and fluids)
Peristalsis can also occur in the stomach and intestines
Peristalsis can also occur in the stomach and intestines
Peristalsis CANNOT occur in the stomach and intestines
Peristalsis CANNOT occur in the stomach and intestines
Empties into the large intestine at the cecum in the horse, at the colon in the dog and cat or at the cecum and the colon in ruminants and pig)
Empties into the large intestine at the cecum in the horse, at the colon in the dog and cat or at the cecum and the colon in ruminants and pig)
Structure of the intestine (choose best answer)
Structure of the intestine (choose best answer)
The thickness of the layers of the intestines never change and is not dependent on the segment of the intestine
The thickness of the layers of the intestines never change and is not dependent on the segment of the intestine
The thickness of the layers of the intestines changes and is dependent on the segment of the intestine
The thickness of the layers of the intestines changes and is dependent on the segment of the intestine
Each villus contains
Each villus contains
The mucosa of the small intestine has
The mucosa of the small intestine has
Microvilli (brush border) have
Microvilli (brush border) have
The small intestine peristalsis is
The small intestine peristalsis is
As the rectum distends
As the rectum distends
When the rectum distends
When the rectum distends
Mixes intestinal contents (slow movement through intestines)
Mixes intestinal contents (slow movement through intestines)
Help mix digestive enzymes with intestinal contents
Help mix digestive enzymes with intestinal contents
Bring digested materials into contact with the surface of the intestinal tract for absorption
Bring digested materials into contact with the surface of the intestinal tract for absorption
Endocrine part of the pancreas consists of
Endocrine part of the pancreas consists of
The exocrine part of the pancreas consists of
The exocrine part of the pancreas consists of
Match
Match
Secretes bicarbonate into the duodenum
Secretes bicarbonate into the duodenum
Produces insulin and glucagon and helps regulate blood glucose levels
Produces insulin and glucagon and helps regulate blood glucose levels
The enzymes produced in the exocrine portion of the pancreas are vital to digestion, what are their names
The enzymes produced in the exocrine portion of the pancreas are vital to digestion, what are their names
Anticipation of food causes the exocrine fx of enzyme secretion to decrease
Anticipation of food causes the exocrine fx of enzyme secretion to decrease
Anticipation of food causes the exocrine fx of enzyme secretion to increase
Anticipation of food causes the exocrine fx of enzyme secretion to increase
What enters the bloodstream through pores in adjacent sinusoids
What enters the bloodstream through pores in adjacent sinusoids
What is bile excreted by
What is bile excreted by
Bile is necessary for
Bile is necessary for
Bile is secreted into bile ducts, then hepatic ducts and then to the _________ for storage
Bile is secreted into bile ducts, then hepatic ducts and then to the _________ for storage
Removes toxins and infectious agents that enter the body through the wall of the GI tract
Removes toxins and infectious agents that enter the body through the wall of the GI tract
Stores and metabolizes nutrients absorbed from the GI tract
Stores and metabolizes nutrients absorbed from the GI tract
Produces most of the plasma proteins (including albumin), cholesterol and many of the blood clotting proteins
Produces most of the plasma proteins (including albumin), cholesterol and many of the blood clotting proteins
Aids the conversion of amino acids into ketoacids
Aids the conversion of amino acids into ketoacids
ketoacids aid in
ketoacids aid in
Located in the abdomen underneath the liver and near the pancreas
Located in the abdomen underneath the liver and near the pancreas
Enters the duodenum to help digest high fat meals
Enters the duodenum to help digest high fat meals
Liver produces
Liver produces
What is the composition of bile
What is the composition of bile
Provides means for liver to excrete waste products even when the animal is not eating
Provides means for liver to excrete waste products even when the animal is not eating
Match
Match
Match
Match
Sensory receptors detect stretching and stimulate the defecation responde
Sensory receptors detect stretching and stimulate the defecation responde
The rectum has
The rectum has
Study Notes
Digestive System Functions
- Functions include chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients and water, and elimination of waste.
- Activities such as mixing, grinding, and propulsive contractions are vital for effective digestion.
Gastrointestinal Tract
- The gastrointestinal tract spans from the mouth to the anus.
- Rhythmic contractions that move food through the tract are called peristalsis.
- The outermost layer of the digestive tract is known as the serosa.
Oral Cavity Structures
- The oral cavity includes essential components such as incisors, canines, and molars but lacks certain structures like the dental pad in some species.
- Saliva plays a crucial role in food breakdown and offers lubrication.
Small Intestine
- Segmented into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; with each segment contributing to digestion and absorption.
- The primary function of the small intestine is optimum nutrient absorption.
- The duodenum is mainly responsible for chemical digestion.
Stomach Functionality
- The stomach contains a large mixing chamber known as the fundus and utilizes the pyloric sphincter to manage the flow of chyme into the duodenum.
- The muscular arrangement in the digestive tract includes both circular and longitudinal layers.
Key Muscles and Movements
- Circular muscle contractions help narrow the digestive tract, while longitudinal contractions assist in shortening it.
- Segmental contractions are vital for localized mixing and efficient digestion.
Digestive Organs
- The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, whereas the liver serves as the largest digestive gland.
- The gallbladder primarily functions to store bile, aiding in fat digestion.
Teeth Types
- Carnivores possess specialized teeth for holding prey and tearing, distinguished by their sharp structure.
- Bovine dental formula indicates specific tooth arrangements, notably lacking upper incisors or canines.
Digestion Processes
- Mixing action in the stomach stimulates digestive movement.
- Physical breakdown of food occurs through mastication and mixing, whereas chemical digestion is enhanced by enzymes in saliva.
- Peristalsis occurs throughout the digestive tract, including the stomach and intestines, ensuring the movement of contents.
Neuroendocrine Actions
- G cells are responsible for hormone secretion, playing a role in gastric motility and digestive efficiency.
- The contractions in the digestive tract can be influenced by various factors, leading to either increased or decreased motility.
Intestinal Structure and Function
- The mucosa of the small intestine contains villi and microvilli, enhancing absorption surface area.
- Thickness of intestinal layers varies by segment, affecting overall digestive function.
- The gastrointestinal system adapts to diet changes, affecting digestion and nutrient absorption requirements.
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