Dental Plaque Biofilm
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Dental Plaque Biofilm

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Questions and Answers

What role does the salivary pellicle play in relation to the tooth surface?

  • It serves as a protective layer for tooth enamel from acid. (correct)
  • It facilitates the movement of bacteria away from the tooth.
  • It enhances the bacterial adhesion to floss.
  • It blocks the dental nerves from sensations.

    • Which bacteria are primarily known as primary colonizers of the tooth surface?

  • Streptococcus mutans (correct)
  • Lactobacillus casei
  • Escherichia coli
  • Bacteroides fragilis

    • What mechanism do bacteria use to communicate with each other in biofilms?

  • Genetic recombination
  • Endocytosis
  • Cellular fusion
  • Quorum sensing (correct)

    • How does the initial attachment of bacteria to the pellicle affect gene activity?

    <p>It activates specific genes related to cell communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key characteristic of the salivary pellicle mentioned?

    <p>It acts similarly to double-sided adhesive tape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the extracellular slime layer in bacterial colonies?

    <p>To form a protective barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of primary facultative colonisers depleting oxygen?

    <p>Facilitation of anaerobic bacteria growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mature biofilms, what is the structure of bacterial colonies described as?

    <p>Mushroom shaped colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fluid channels serve in the extracellular slime layer?

    <p>To provide oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coaggregation significant in the context of secondary colonisation?

    <p>It promotes bacterial diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does quorum sensing benefit bacteria?

    <p>By allowing detection of population density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental condition is likely least conducive to plaque formation?

    <p>Dry surfaces with minimal saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives the migration of bacteria away from the tooth surface?

    <p>Space for anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the organic composition of dental plaque?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is specifically associated with periodontal disease?

    <p>Porphyromonas gingivalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of virulence factors in bacteria?

    <p>To enable biofilm formation and tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is associated with dental caries?

    <p>Streptococcus mutans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced when removing dental plaque?

    <p>Biofilm adheres strongly to surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of physical plaque removal?

    <p>Chemical agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components contributes to the intracellular matrix of biofilm?

    <p>Glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is essential for the adherence and stability of biofilm?

    <p>Virulence factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dental plaque primarily defined as?

    <p>Bacterial aggregations on hard surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase does NOT occur during the formation of dental plaque biofilm?

    <p>Bacterial replication into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT found in dental plaque biofilm?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the extracellular slime layer play in dental plaque biofilm?

    <p>Protects bacterial colonies from removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dental plaque biofilm is formed above the gum line?

    <p>Supragingival plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common dental disease caused by dental plaque biofilm?

    <p>Periodontal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the classification of dental plaque biofilm is true?

    <p>Plaque classifications include supragingival, subgingival, and fissural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in the transition from free-floating bacteria to biofilm formation?

    <p>Attachment to a surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a structural component of the biofilm matrix?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dental plaque biofilm removal methods?

    <p>To reduce bacterial accumulation and potential disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dental Plaque Biofilm Definition

    • Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth or other solid surfaces in the mouth.
    • It's a soft deposit containing salivary elements, desquamated cells, debris, and microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix.

    Types of Dental Plaque

    • Supragingival: Forms above the gum line.
    • Subgingival: Forms below the gum line.
    • Tooth-attached: Adheres directly to the tooth surface.
    • Unattached: Free-floating bacteria.
    • Tissue-attached: Attached to soft tissues.

    Biofilm Formation

    • Biofilm formation involves four phases:
      • Initial attachment: Free-floating bacteria attach to the pellicle.
      • Initial colonization: New bacteria join the initial colonizers.
      • Secondary colonization: Extracellular slime layer forms, allowing anaerobic bacteria to colonize.
      • Mature biofilm: Formation of mushroom-shaped colonies with fluid channels for nutrient and waste exchange.

    Initial Attachment

    • Bacteria attach to the pellicle, a thin coating of salivary proteins.
    • The pellicle forms within hours of cleaning and acts as a protective barrier for enamel.
    • The pellicle also provides a surface for bacteria to adhere to.

    Primary Colonizers

    • The first bacteria to colonize the tooth surface are called primary colonizers.
    • These include:
      • Streptococcus sanguis
      • Streptococcus mutans
      • Streptococcus salivarius

    Secondary Colonization & Extracellular Slime Layer

    • Secondary colonizers typically attach to primary colonizers through coaggregation.
    • The extracellular slime layer is produced by the bacteria to protect the colony.
    • It provides a barrier against the immune system and allows for communication between bacteria.

    Mature Biofilm

    • Mature biofilms are characterized by mushroom-shaped colonies.
    • Fluid channels within the biofilm allow for nutrient intake, waste removal, and communication.

    Composition of Dental Plaque Biofilm

    • Dental plaque biofilm is composed of:
      • Organic components: Polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipids.
      • Inorganic components: Calcium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium.
      • Microorganisms: Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
      • Extracellular matrix: The matrix provides structure and protection.

    Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease

    • Bacteria known to contribute to periodontal disease include:
      • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
      • Porphyromonas gingivalis
      • Treponema denticola

    Bacteria Associated with Caries

    • Caries-associated bacteria include:
      • Streptococcus mutans
      • Lactobacilli

    Bacterial Virulence Factors

    • Biofilm virulence factors are mechanisms allowing for colonization, invasion, and tissue damage.
    • These can be structural characteristics of bacteria or substances they produce.

    Removal of Dental Plaque

    • Plaque removal is essential for maintaining oral health.
    • Physical methods can be used to remove plaque:
      • Toothbrushing: Disrupts the biofilm with friction.
      • Flossing: Removes plaque from between teeth.
      • Professional cleaning: Provides thorough plaque removal.

    Dental Plaque & Disease

    • Plaque accumulation is the primary cause of dental caries and periodontal disease.
    • Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial for preventing these conditions.

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