Dental Biofilm and Plaque Formation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of dental plaque?

  • 70-80% water
  • 80% inorganic solids
  • 100% water
  • 20% organic and inorganic solids (correct)

Which inorganic element is found at higher levels in the mandibular lingual area?

  • Phosphorous (correct)
  • Calcium (correct)
  • Sodium
  • Fluoride

What factor does NOT significantly influence plaque accumulation?

  • Mouth breathing
  • Natural cleansing of area
  • Daily exercise routine (correct)
  • Oral hygiene habits

Which of the following contributes to the organic composition of dental plaque?

<p>Proteins from saliva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that leads to better bacterial affinity in plaque formation?

<p>Rough tooth surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily composes the acquired pellicle?

<p>Salivary proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the sequence of plaque formation?

<p>Pellicle formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are thought to initiate gingivitis?

<p>Fusobacterium nucleatum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the composition of materia alba?

<p>Microorganisms and cellular debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the acquired pellicle in relation to bacteria?

<p>It aids in bacterial attachment to tooth surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the plaque as it matures on the tooth surface?

<p>It becomes denser and darker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances are part of the matrix that binds bacterial colonies together?

<p>Polysaccharides, glucans, and salivary proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a visible characteristic of dental plaque at its initial stage?

<p>Dull matte appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant type of microorganism present in plaque formation during the initial phase (Day 1-2)?

<p>Gram positive aerobic organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the composition of plaque during Days 4-7?

<p>Filamentous forms increase in number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What microorganisms are evident in older plaque during the Days 14-21 phase?

<p>Cocci, spirochetes, and vibrios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of supragingival plaque?

<p>To lead to gingivitis and dental caries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are predominantly found in attached subgingival plaque?

<p>Gram negative anaerobes and non-motile organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does salivary flow influence plaque formation?

<p>It accelerates remodeling of the plaque (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between supragingival and subgingival plaque?

<p>Microorganisms involved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the first 5 days of plaque formation, what is the significance of the changes that occur?

<p>Most rapid changes in microbial composition occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dental Biofilm

  • A complex mass of bacteria in a gel-like matrix
  • Non-mineralized
  • Over 10 billion bacteria per milligram of plaque

Plaque Formation

  • Pellicle formation: A thin layer of salivary proteins on teeth
  • Bacterial attachment: Bacteria attach to the pellicle
  • Bacterial multiplication: Bacteria grow and form colonies
  • Matrix formation: binds colonies together

Clinical Appearance

  • Initially transparent
  • Dull matte appearance
  • Disclosing solution reveals plaque
  • The darker the color, the denser the plaque

Microbial Changes

  • Early plaque: Mainly gram-positive aerobic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and Actinomyces viscosus
  • Days 2-4: Filamentous forms start to replace cocci
  • Days 4-7: Filamentous, rods, and fusobacteria increase, vibrios and spirochetes arrive
  • Days 7-14: Vibrios, spirochetes, and white blood cells increase, gram-negative anaerobes arrive.
  • Days 14-21: Gingivitis is evident Vibrios, spirochetes, cocci, and filaments evident in older plaque

Stages of Plaque Formation

  • Stage 1: Pellicle formation
  • Stage 2: Bacteria attach to pellicle
  • Stage 3: Mature plaque

Factors Affecting Plaque Removal

  • 3-day-old plaque: Requires three times the pressure to remove than newer plaque.
  • Home care: Salivary flow, muscular action, and oral hygiene habits all impact plaque removal

Supragingival Plaque

  • Forms at the gingival margin and moves coronally
  • Thickest at proximal surfaces, cervical third, pits, and fissures
  • Etiological factor in gingivitis, supragingival calculus, and dental caries

Subgingival Plaque

  • Attached: Extends from supragingival plaque, provides a basis for calculus formation and root caries
  • Unattached: Composed of highly motile gram-negative organisms in crevicular fluid; destroys epithelial attachment

Plaque Composition

  • 20% organic and inorganic solids: 70-80% are microorganisms, more in subgingival than supragingival
  • 80% Water

Organic Elements of Plaque

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins (from saliva or crevicular fluid)
  • Lipids (in small quantities)

Inorganic Elements of Plaque

  • Calcium and Phosphorus
  • Fluoride (higher in consumers of fluoridated water)

Factors Influencing Plaque Accumulation

  • Malposed or crowded teeth
  • Orthodontic appliances
  • Rough tooth surfaces
  • Poorly contoured restorations
  • Dental calculus
  • Teeth not used for mastication
  • Deep periodontal pockets
  • Mouth breathing
  • Tobacco use
  • Certain medications
  • Areas of carious lesions

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Description

Explore the intricate processes of dental biofilm formation and its clinical implications. This quiz covers key stages of plaque development, microbial changes, and the clinical appearance of dental plaque. Test your knowledge on the biology behind oral health and disease.

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