Dental Materials Study Notes

Dental Materials Study Notes

• Resistance to flow is known as viscosity
• Oral biofilm is a complex organization of microorganisms on oral surfaces and restorations, considered normal or healthy when non-pathogens keep harmful microbes in balance, a slick film of mucus that develops on surfaces within the mouth
• The ADA Seal is usually awarded for the life of the product, it helps consumers make informed decisions about the safety and efficiency of products, but does not need to be re-evaluated if the product composition changes.
• The study of dental materials includes knowledge of physical reactions, manipulation, and chemical reactions of materials.
• Galvanism is an electric shock sensation and metallic taste caused by contact between a gold crown and an amalgam restoration.
• Ultimate strength is the maximal amount of stress a material can withstand before breaking.
• Microleakage may cause postoperative sensitivity, recurrent decay, and marginal staining.
• Leakage of fluids and debris along the tooth-restoration interface is called microleakage.
• Color shades of teeth can vary depending on the incident light or light source, this is called metamerism.
• Colonies of bacteria growing on teeth are called dental plaque.
• Repeated stresses in mastication can cause fatigue failure in materials.
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) for handling dental materials that can generate particulate matter includes safety glasses, a lab coat or over gown, a dust mask, and heavy-duty utility gloves,
• Exposure to particulate matter, biological contaminants, perfume, airborne contaminants are common work-related health and safety hazards.
• Disinfection solutions must be safe to use, be on an EPA N List, and destroy/inactivate COVID & Tuberculosis virus.
• Impression materials that cannot be poured more than once include polyvinyl siloxane.
• Digital impressions have advantages such as pre- and post-operative models, accurate impressions, and virtual adjustments.
• Agar hydrocolloids are not reversible hydrocolloid.
• Alginate hydrocolloid is a temporary impression material.
• Polyethers are hydrophobic impression materials.
• Alginate impression shrinkage is called syneresis.
• Elastomer impression materials are popular due to their flexibility.
• The proper time to disinfect alginate is 10-20 minutes.
• Ferric sulfate is an astringent used to control bleeding prior to taking impressions.
• Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) materials are hydrophobic but moisture can cause loss of surface detail.
• The initial setting time for gypsum is related to different factors.
• Boxing wax is easily manipulated at room temperature.
• Gypsum rock can be calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, or calcium sulphate hydrate.
• The melting range of wax is the point at which the wax softens and then flows.
• Mixing plaster or stone materials involves placing the water in the bowl first and then slowly sifting the powder into the water.
• Calcination involves removing water from gypsum.
• Utility wax is used to adapt the periphery of an impression tray, provide a better fit into the vestibule of the impression material, or cover sharp brackets and wires for orthodontic patients.
• Gypsum is used for models, casts, and stone restorations.
• The lost wax technique involves placing invested material in a burnout oven, removing the wax, and creating a wax pattern.
• Setting time (hardening) of gypsum involves an exothermic chemical reaction.
• High-strength gypsum stone is also known as type III stone.
• Desirable strength of gypsum is related to the amount of water used.
• Tooth stains are categorized as extrinsic or intrinsic.
• Extrinsic stains occur externally and can be removed by brushing or scaling, intrinsic stains are on the tooth surface and cannot be removed easily.
• Whitening materials may include hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.
• Sports guards are used to protect teeth and gums from impact or trauma.
• In-office whitening refers to procedures performed by a dental professional using specially formulated products .
• Home whitening involves patients using a prescribed take home whitening kit for a period of time.
• Blunting or trauma to the tooth could cause discoloration.
• Whitening results can be affected by a side effect of inflammation treatment.
• Obstructive sleep apnea appliances reposition the mandible to a forward position.
• The process of making impressions or molds of a patient's teeth or their restoration
• Materials used to take impressions (including how they are used and properties)
• Different types of impression trays
• Materials used for polishing or finishing restorations
• Effects on teeth and restorations from polishing
• How to choose proper materials for tooth restoration based on their properties
• Using and handling and care of dental materials and supplies safely
• Understanding the chemistry involved in different dental processes
• Considerations concerning the safety of materials and disposal methods
• Methods and implications of using different dental tools on a patient, specifically related to their safety and the health of dental equipment and workers

Amalgam Study Notes

• Amalgam mixes are controlled by manufacturers and dentists
• Amalgam is held in place by matrix bands.
• Matrix bands help contain amalgam during condensation, create proximal contours and contacts, shape amalgam
• Amalgam strength can be affected by trituration or the amount of mercury included in the mix.
• Modern alloys may use less mercury compared to previous ones.
• Mercury in amalgam raises concerns about patient safety, office staff, and environmental factors.
• Mixing amalgam is called trituration.

Dental Sutures Study Notes

• Non-absorbable sutures are usually made of silk and require removal.
• Absorbable sutures are made from animal intestines (cattle, sheep, or goats) and dissolve in the patient's oral cavity.
• Success rates may differ among implant placement techniques.
• Implant fixtures may be placed directly into the socket immediately after the surgical extractions of a tooth.
• Surgical placement of an implant typically requires an extra-coronal procedure.