Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of cement is described as having a fine grain and is used for permanent cementation in crowns and bridges?
What type of cement is described as having a fine grain and is used for permanent cementation in crowns and bridges?
- Polycarboxylate Cement
- Type 1 Cement (correct)
- Insulating Cement
- Type 2 Cement
Which type of cement is intended to act as an insulating base for deep cavity preparations?
Which type of cement is intended to act as an insulating base for deep cavity preparations?
- Exothermic Cement
- Crown Cement
- Type 1 Cement
- Type 2 Cement (correct)
What is the recommended mixing time for preparing cement?
What is the recommended mixing time for preparing cement?
- 5 seconds
- 30 seconds
- 1 to 2 minutes (correct)
- 15 seconds
What mixing method is suggested for achieving the proper consistency of cement?
What mixing method is suggested for achieving the proper consistency of cement?
What is the primary purpose of the thin film layer produced when using cement for castings?
What is the primary purpose of the thin film layer produced when using cement for castings?
What is the primary purpose of bite registrations?
What is the primary purpose of bite registrations?
Which material is NOT commonly used for impression trays?
Which material is NOT commonly used for impression trays?
When taking impressions, what is important to prevent during the removal of the tray?
When taking impressions, what is important to prevent during the removal of the tray?
What is the purpose of using a bite tray?
What is the purpose of using a bite tray?
Which type of tray is primarily used for preliminary impressions?
Which type of tray is primarily used for preliminary impressions?
What should be avoided to ensure the integrity of an impression?
What should be avoided to ensure the integrity of an impression?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of breaking an impression during removal?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of breaking an impression during removal?
Which of these factors is important when placing an impression in the oral cavity?
Which of these factors is important when placing an impression in the oral cavity?
What type of composite contains both macrofill and microfill particles?
What type of composite contains both macrofill and microfill particles?
Which composite is specifically designed for anterior teeth restorations?
Which composite is specifically designed for anterior teeth restorations?
What feature is essential in flowable composite materials?
What feature is essential in flowable composite materials?
How is polymerization of resin materials primarily achieved in composites?
How is polymerization of resin materials primarily achieved in composites?
What does the term 'flow' specifically relate to concerning composite materials?
What does the term 'flow' specifically relate to concerning composite materials?
What characteristic is true for nanofilled composites?
What characteristic is true for nanofilled composites?
What is a unique attribute of macrofilled composites?
What is a unique attribute of macrofilled composites?
What is the primary purpose of the syringe tip in flowable composites?
What is the primary purpose of the syringe tip in flowable composites?
What is the purpose of temporary restorative materials?
What is the purpose of temporary restorative materials?
What should be avoided when working with dental materials?
What should be avoided when working with dental materials?
What visual cue indicates that a dental material has begun to set?
What visual cue indicates that a dental material has begun to set?
How is precured paste in dental applications typically prepared?
How is precured paste in dental applications typically prepared?
What can negatively impact the working time of cement in dental procedures?
What can negatively impact the working time of cement in dental procedures?
When should a dental professional protect the matrix during the procedure?
When should a dental professional protect the matrix during the procedure?
What is one characteristic of pre-measured capsules used in dental procedures?
What is one characteristic of pre-measured capsules used in dental procedures?
What is a common mistake when identifying the stage of setting for dental materials?
What is a common mistake when identifying the stage of setting for dental materials?
What is the primary concern related to food causing corrosion in dental materials?
What is the primary concern related to food causing corrosion in dental materials?
In the context of dental restorations, what does 'direct restorations' refer to?
In the context of dental restorations, what does 'direct restorations' refer to?
What properties are often associated with corrosive materials in the dental context?
What properties are often associated with corrosive materials in the dental context?
How are dental models created in the clinical setting?
How are dental models created in the clinical setting?
What does the term 'solubility' refer to in the context of dental materials?
What does the term 'solubility' refer to in the context of dental materials?
What effect does a saline environment have on metals in the dental context?
What effect does a saline environment have on metals in the dental context?
What is a critical aspect of the adaptation process during direct restorations?
What is a critical aspect of the adaptation process during direct restorations?
What characteristic of 'sand-low solubility' might be significant in dental applications?
What characteristic of 'sand-low solubility' might be significant in dental applications?
What is the primary purpose of a rim lock in an impression tray?
What is the primary purpose of a rim lock in an impression tray?
How far beyond the third molar should the impression tray extend?
How far beyond the third molar should the impression tray extend?
Which type of impression material offers excellent dimensional stability?
Which type of impression material offers excellent dimensional stability?
What additional material can be added to an impression tray for patients with an unusually high palate?
What additional material can be added to an impression tray for patients with an unusually high palate?
What is a characteristic of condensation silicones as impression materials?
What is a characteristic of condensation silicones as impression materials?
What does an impression tray need to cover to ensure successful impression taking?
What does an impression tray need to cover to ensure successful impression taking?
What is one disadvantage of using polysulfide as an impression material?
What is one disadvantage of using polysulfide as an impression material?
What feature is specifically important for the adaptation of the impression tray?
What feature is specifically important for the adaptation of the impression tray?
Flashcards
Sugar-High Solubility
Sugar-High Solubility
Sugar dissolves readily in certain environments.
Sand-Low Solubility
Sand-Low Solubility
Sand dissolves poorly in most solvents.
Corrosion Properties
Corrosion Properties
Materials can degrade over time in the presence of various factors.
Metal Corrosion Factors
Metal Corrosion Factors
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Food-Induced Dental Corrosion
Food-Induced Dental Corrosion
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Direct Restorations
Direct Restorations
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Dental Models
Dental Models
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Material Adaptability
Material Adaptability
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Microfilled Composite
Microfilled Composite
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Macrofilled Composite
Macrofilled Composite
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Hybrid Composite
Hybrid Composite
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Nanofilled Composite
Nanofilled Composite
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Flowable Composite
Flowable Composite
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Polymerization
Polymerization
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Light-Cured Composite
Light-Cured Composite
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Auto-Cured Composite
Auto-Cured Composite
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What are the two main ways to mix dental cements?
What are the two main ways to mix dental cements?
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What is the purpose of a 'cool glass slab' when mixing dental cement?
What is the purpose of a 'cool glass slab' when mixing dental cement?
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What are the two main types of dental cement mixing?
What are the two main types of dental cement mixing?
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What is the key advantage of using premixed paste for dental cements?
What is the key advantage of using premixed paste for dental cements?
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What is the role of 'setting stage' in dental cement?
What is the role of 'setting stage' in dental cement?
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How can you identify the setting stage of dental cement?
How can you identify the setting stage of dental cement?
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Why is it important to protect the cement during setting?
Why is it important to protect the cement during setting?
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What is an 'Intermediate Restorative Material' (IRM)?
What is an 'Intermediate Restorative Material' (IRM)?
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Zinc Phosphate Cement
Zinc Phosphate Cement
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Luting Consistency
Luting Consistency
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Insulating Base
Insulating Base
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Cement Preparation
Cement Preparation
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Mixing Time
Mixing Time
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Bite Registration
Bite Registration
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Bite Tray
Bite Tray
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Centric Relation
Centric Relation
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Preliminary Impressions
Preliminary Impressions
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Final Impressions
Final Impressions
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Impression Trays
Impression Trays
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Holding Material Close to Teeth
Holding Material Close to Teeth
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Avoid Breaking During Removal
Avoid Breaking During Removal
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Rim lock - rounded rim
Rim lock - rounded rim
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Why is it important to measure the patient's mouth?
Why is it important to measure the patient's mouth?
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Comfortable Impression Tray
Comfortable Impression Tray
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Coverage of Entire Arch
Coverage of Entire Arch
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Adaptation for High Palate
Adaptation for High Palate
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Custom Tray
Custom Tray
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Types of Impression Materials
Types of Impression Materials
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Polysiloxane - Excellent Dimensional Stability
Polysiloxane - Excellent Dimensional Stability
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Study Notes
Dental Materials and Laboratory Procedures
- Mouthwash is used for a pure and clean mouth.
Mechanical Properties
- Force: Causes physical changes via energy and strength, creating stress or strain.
- Stress: Reaction within the material causing distortion, creating stress and strain.
- Strain: Change in product in the result of stress.
- Tensile Stress: Pulling and stretching the material.
- Compressive Stress: Pushing materials together, such as chewing.
- Shear Stress: Breakdown over sliding of two materials.
- Ductility: Change shape via pulling force without fracturing.
- Malleability: Change shape into thinner sheet or plate via compressive force.
Thermal Properties
- Contraction/Expansion: Hot to cold food/drinks cause sudden contraction and expansion in seconds, causing restorative materials to pull away from teeth. This results in microleakage or cracked restorations.
- Microleakage: Separation of material from teeth due to temperature changes during hot or cold food/drinks, or through expansion and contraction, allowing fluids, debris and microorganisms to enter between the cavity preparation wall and material.
- Percolation: Process of liquid slowly passing through a porous substance.
Application Properties
- Flow: Dental material should possess a pliable(soft) consistency to fill the preparation of teeth.
- Adhesion: Proper adhesion prevents microleakage and loss of restorations. Force causes unlike materials to adhere to each other, affecting the adhesion process.
- Wetting: Ability of a liquid to flow over a surface.
- Viscosity: Liquids flow over surfaces; the resistance of a fluid flowing, described in terms of wetting and viscosity.
Retention
- Retention: Holding together two things that otherwise wouldn’t adhere to each other.
Curing
- Auto-cured: Materials harden through a chemical reaction, often triggered by light exposure in the blue wave spectrum.
- Light-cured: Harden only under light.
Electrical Properties
- Galvanic/Shock: Two dissimilar metals in the oral cavity with saliva causing electrical conduction can lead to galvanic shock.
- Saliva: containing salt acts as a good electrical conductor.
Solubility
- Solubility: Substance will dissolve in certain amount of another substance (liquid). For Example Material in oral cavity that dissolves easily will wash away and leave tooth structure exposed
Corrosive Properties
- Corrosion: Reaction of metals in contact with temperature, humidity, and saline.
Dental Amalgam
- 143-54% of mercury equal to 46-57% of alloy powder
- Alloy powder is mixed with mercury.
- Soft pliable mixture that's placed in the tooth, then condensed, carved and hardened to create a permanent amalgam filling.
Amalgam Composition
- Silver
- Tin
- Copper
- Zinc
Amalgam Indications
- Small to medium sized cavities in posterior teeth.
- Patients with poor oral hygiene.
- Foundation of metal-ceramic, cast metal and ceramic restorations.
- Severe destruction of tooth structure.
Amalgam Contraindications
- Allergy to mercury.
- Large restorations when other restorative materials aren't a significant factor for esthetics.
Composite Resin
- Properties: Withstand oral cavities. Matches natural tooth color. Easily shaped to tooth anatomy. Bonds directly to teeth.
- Indications: restorations for surface defects (hypocalcification, attrition, abrasion, and congenital abnormalities). Closure of diastema.
- Composition: Organic resin material (dimethacrylate), Inorganic fillers, Coupling agents, pigments.
Flowable Composite
- Properties: Wear resistance from sufficient filler, ability to flow into conservative restorations.
- Application: Extrusion into minute cavity preparations.
Acid Etch
- Steps: Dry cavity vigorously, apply acid etch to enamel wall, for 15-30 seconds, when prep is contaminated repeat for half the time.
- Precautions: Avoid contact with soft tissue; thoroughly rinse if contaminated.
Bonding Procedures
- Chemically bonds material to tooth structure (adds micro-mechanical retention)
- Light cured, so no mixing.
Protective Shield
- Protective shield needed when curing bonding agent.
Precautions
- Protective shield when curing bonding agent to protect eye hazard to provider and patient.
- Light should be positioned correctly on relevant surface.
Advantages (Composite Resin)
- Bonds further support to tooth structure, preventing damage.
- Matches natural tooth color. Fixes mishaped, chipped or discolored teeth in one procedure (6-12 years). Reduced sensitivity.
- Reduced need for extensive tooth structure removal compared to amalgam.
Precautions (Composite Resin)
- Ensuring proper use of protective shield.
- Ensuring correct dispensing of material before exposure to light. For large restorations, increments should be cured before next application.
Micro-mechanical Retention
- Bonding agents use microscopic interlocking with enamel porosities, tubules, and other structures.
Macro-mechanical retention
- Undercuts in dentin to retain non-bonded amalgams and self or auto cure compounds.
Application of Composite versus Amalgam
- Composite resin cavity prep designed for micro-mechanical retention.
Glass Ionomer (GIC)
- Versatile dental material.
- Excellent biocompatibility with oral environment. Adaptable for various uses.
- Used for permanent restorations (liners, bonding agents, and cements) for primary (children) teeth and minor restorations of adults.
- Not suitable for high-stress areas.
Types of GIC
- For cementing metal restorations and direct-bonded orthodontic brackets.
- Restoring areas near gingiva.
- Used as liners and dentin bonding agents.
- Reinforced GIC, using silver and tin, for high-stress situations.
Supply of GIC
- Powder and liquid
- Pre-mixed paste tubes and mechanically triturated capsules that dispense through dispenser.
Precautions (GIC)
- Avoid exposure to water.
Temporary Restorative Materials
- Maintain, restore and function to keep patient comfortable for a limited time.
Temporary Restorative Materials Applications
Tooth Whitening Materials
- Bleaching. Cost-effective method of tooth restoration using peroxide-based ingredients.
Indications (Tooth Whitening)
- Removal of staining.
- Peroxide breaks down and oxygen enters enamel and dentin removing discoloration.
Indirect Restorative Materials
- Restorations created outside the mouth by dental technicians. Restorative materials are placed after preparing the tooth and taking an impression.
Indirect Restorative Materials Types
- Castings.
- Noble metal alloys.
- Base metals.
- Ceramic castings.
Dentinal Liners and Bases
- Insulating the pulp tissue to protect from sensitivity caused by procedures.
- Protect tooth from thermal shock.
Dental Cements
- Permanent, intermediate, temporary restorations.
- Luting for indirect and orthodontic procedures.
- Thermal insulator of metallic restorations.
- Periodontal packs with zoe sedation.
Affecting Cements
- Mixing time
- Humidity
- Powder to liquid ratio
- Temperature
Luting Agents
- Permanent temporary
- Zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer (GIC)
Zinc Oxide Eugenol
- Types (1 (ZOE, IRM, temporal bond): for temporary cementation (putty); lacks strength and long-term durability, and Type II (Relyx): has reinforcing agents; for permanent restorations of cast restorations or appliances)
Zinc Phosphate
- Types 1 (fine grain) for permanent cementation (e.g., inlays, crowns, onlays, bridges, and thin film layer for castings); and 2 (medium grain) as insulating base for cavities
- Properties - viscosity, strength, bonding to enamel.
Zinc Polycarboxylate
- Properties - viscosity, strength, bonding to enamel (useful for temporary applications)
- Powder and liquid for use in crowns and orthopedic bands and restorations.
Guidelines for Mixing Dental Cements
- Powder towards one end of glass or paper pad; liquid on opposite end.
- Use explorer, mouth mirror, and spoon excavator for cement removal. Clean instruments right away.
Articulator
- Replicates the movement of the TMJ (temporomandibular joint)
Sandblaster
- A device that blasts sand and air to polish dental castings.
Dental Lathe
- Used for trimming dental castings and appliances
Model Trimmer
- A device for trimming study models.
Heat Source
- Used to heat waxes.
Impression Trays
- Metal, plastic, polystyrene.
Sizes
- Quadrant (half of arch)
- Section (anterior)
- Full arch (covers full arch)
Custom Trays
- Designed to fit specific patient needs, often for patients with high palates.
Block Out Material
- Soft, light-cured dental material to protect undercuts of soft tissue procedures. It is placed on the cast to make space for impression materials.
Seperating Medium
- Liquid used to separate casts and impression materials for proper set.
Hydrocolloid Impression Materials
- Includes Alginate or Reversible hydrocolloid for preliminary impressions.
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