Dental Materials Chapter 1 & 7 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is an essential property of ideal dental materials concerning their interaction with the oral environment?

Biocompatibility (correct)

High solubility

Odorous nature

Low strength

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ideal dental materials?

Cost effective

High volatility (correct)

Easy manipulation

Resistance to corrosion

Which type of material is commonly used for dental implants?

Acrylic resin

Commercially pure titanium (correct)

Ceramics

Pure gold

What factor is key in the physical behavior of dental materials when exposed to the oral environment?

Chemical solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which classification includes materials like zirconia and lithium disilicate?

Ceramics Signup and view all the answers

What type of dental material is classified as a restorative material?

Glass ionomers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why pure metals are rarely used for dental applications?

They lack biocompatibility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an auxiliary dental material?

Casting investments Signup and view all the answers

What property makes dental materials aesthetically pleasing?

Oral tissue-like appearance Signup and view all the answers

Polymers in dentistry are primarily used for making which of the following?

Cements and impression materials Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes preventive dental materials?

They seal pits and fissures or release therapeutic agents. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of restorative material is used for long-term applications?

Indirect inlays Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of biocompatibility in dental materials?

To optimize clinical performance without adverse reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of restorative dental materials?

They include acids and bonding agents. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the use of organosilane coupling agents in dental materials?

They bond filler particles to matrix resin in composites. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes direct restorative materials from indirect ones?

Direct materials are fabricated inside the mouth, while indirect are manufactured outside. Signup and view all the answers

How does the biocompatibility requirement of a dental implant compare to that of a dental filling?

The dental implant requires a higher level of biocompatibility. Signup and view all the answers

What does not require biocompatibility information in its FDA submission?

A device without any direct tissue contact Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of in vivo biocompatibility testing?

It involves ethical dilemmas while recruiting participants. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about in vitro models is true?

They yield results that need further confirmation by in vivo methods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors influences biocompatibility assessments?

Nature and type of contact with tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is a common advantage of in vitro biocompatibility testing?

It does not involve ethical issues with human or animal subjects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of in vitro methods regarding testing results?

Results may not reflect real-life biological interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a disadvantage of conducting in vivo tests?

They require more time to yield results. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is NOT a systemic route of adverse effects due to medical devices?

Direct contact Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction may occur due to rough dental restorations?

Inflammatory reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which material is commonly associated with allergic reactions in dental practice?

Nickel Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic consequence of fluoride toxicity during tooth development?

Enamel fluorosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential life-threatening condition associated with an allergic reaction?

Anaphylactic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is characterized by the activation of the immune system toward a foreign threat?

Inflammatory reaction Signup and view all the answers

What dental material is known for releasing byproducts that may cause adverse effects?

Amalgam Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction can occur due to the ingestion of high doses of fluoride?

Enamel pitting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Goals of Studying Dental Materials

Familiarity with materials used in dentistry and their properties is essential for effective practice.
Ability to manipulate dental materials is key for successful restorations.
Understanding causes of restoration failures is crucial for improvement of dental materials.

Importance of Material Properties

Dental materials are subjected to the oral environment's unique conditions, including moisture, temperature fluctuations, pH changes, and masticatory forces.
Key physical, chemical, and mechanical properties must be understood due to the materials’ exposure to these conditions.

Ideal Dental Materials

Must be biocompatible: nontoxic, non-irritating, and non-allergic.
Should exhibit mechanical stability and durability: strong and fracture-resistant.
Requirement for dimensional stability: minimally affected by temperature or solvents.
Aesthetically pleasing: should mimic oral tissues.
Should be easy to manipulate and cost-effective.
Resistant to corrosion and chemical deterioration over time.

Classification of Dental Materials by Composition

Metals: Gold, Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Ti, and dental amalgam are common.
Ceramics: Includes zirconia and lithium disilicate.
Polymers: Primarily acrylic resins.
Composites: Used in various restorative applications.

Dental Metal Usage

Pure titanium is used in dental implants, while cast gold is preferred for restorations.
Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys are utilized for denture bases and indirect restorations.

Use of Ceramics and Polymers

Ceramics are commonly used for crowns, inlays, onlays, and fixed prostheses; yttria-stabilized zirconia is also applied in implants.
Polymers play roles in cements, impression materials, and orthodontic appliances.

Classification of Dental Materials by Use

Preventive Materials: Seal pits, fissures, and release therapeutic agents like fluoride.
Restorative Materials: Repair or enhance teeth; can be temporary (e.g., temporary cements) or long-term (e.g., inlays, crowns).
Auxiliary Materials: Aid in prosthesis construction but don't become part of the structure (e.g., impression materials, dental waxes).

Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility refers to performing desired functions without harmful effects, eliciting beneficial cellular responses.
Requirements vary based on material contact with tissues, influencing their design and application.

Factors Affecting Biocompatibility

Nature and type of contact (direct or indirect).
Frequency and duration of material contact with tissues.
Materials' chemical and physical properties, including their surface characteristics.
Byproducts released by materials during use.

Adverse Effects and Reactions

Adverse effects can be mild or severe, local or systemic; routes include ingestion, inhalation, apical foramen, and oral mucosa.
Types of adverse reactions include:
- Inflammatory Reactions: Triggered by rough or poorly fitting restorations.
- Allergic Reactions: Overreaction of the immune system, often involving metals like nickel, cobalt, and latex.
- Toxic Reactions: E.g., high fluoride levels can lead to fluorosis.
- Mutagenic Reactions: Potentially harmful genetic effects.

Inflammatory Reactions

Inflammation results from immune system activation due to mechanical factors like rough restorations and high occlusal forces.

Allergic Reactions

Recognized as foreign material by the body, leading to severe responses, including potential anaphylaxis.
Allergens may include specific metals and dental materials like acrylics and resins.

Toxicity of Materials

Fluoride ingestion in large amounts can cause detrimental effects such as fluorosis during the development phase of teeth.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the biocompatibility and classification of dental materials as discussed in Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. This quiz covers essential properties, manipulation techniques, and understanding restoration failures. Expand your expertise in dental material science and enhance your practical skills.