Dental Caries Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which class of caries is characterized by pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars?

  • Class V
  • Class II
  • Class I (correct)
  • Class III

    • What designation is given to caries affecting previously treated tooth surfaces?

  • Secondary caries (correct)
  • Residual caries
  • Primary caries
  • Incipient caries

    • Which class of caries includes the gingival one-third of facial or lingual surfaces?

  • Class V (correct)
  • Class IV
  • Class I
  • Class VI

    • What is the term for the first signs of carious activity that have not reached the amelodentinal junction?

    <p>White spot lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of caries involves proximal surfaces of anterior teeth, including parts of the incisal edge?

    <p>Class IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dental caries?

    <p>Bacteria digesting carbohydrates producing acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is dental caries classified as a significant healthcare issue worldwide?

    <p>It is the most widespread non-communicable disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of healthcare budgets in industrialized countries is spent on treating dental caries?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of dental caries characterized by?

    <p>Demineralisation and remineralisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the development of dental caries?

    <p>Presence of saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the estimated figure of 2.3 billion refer to in relation to dental caries?

    <p>People with untreated decay in permanent teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of irreversible dental caries?

    <p>Permanent destruction of dental tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'aetiology' in the context of dental caries refer to?

    <p>The study of the causes and origins of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment option for managing root caries when isolation is not achievable?

    <p>Glass ionomer cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions indicates the need to restore a cavitated lesion?

    <p>Active and not arrested lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is categorized under rampant caries?

    <p>Xerostomia induced caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for children under 6 years with caries?

    <p>Early Childhood Caries management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is typically associated with an active enamel surface?

    <p>Whittish, brown or black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of treatment for patients with rampant caries?

    <p>Preventative measures and stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of caries occurs specifically between teeth?

    <p>Interproximal caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding dentine in inactive caries?

    <p>Dentine shows characteristics of being shiny and hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of rampant caries?

    <p>Rapid progression affecting multiple teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is NOT suggested for treating arrested caries?

    <p>Immediate extraction of the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary tissue affected by root caries?

    <p>Cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a rubber dam ideally used in treatment?

    <p>In managing root caries restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the risk of root caries?

    <p>Xerostomia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term previously referred to early childhood caries?

    <p>Bottle caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes arrested caries?

    <p>It may leave a scar on the tooth surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of caries can result from persistent plaque retention?

    <p>Rampant Caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of early childhood caries?

    <p>Deterioration of adult teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge in providing oral hygiene instruction to elderly patients?

    <p>Physical impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of 5-year-olds in the UK have experienced dental caries?

    <p>23%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when treating root caries with fluoride?

    <p>Fluoride application can come in varnish or mouthwash form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the exposure of root surfaces due to recession?

    <p>Bacterial colonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the concept of 'white spot lesions'?

    <p>They are the first signs of demineralization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of dental caries described?

    <p>Mechanical Caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can radiotherapy indirectly contribute to root caries?

    <p>It can cause xerostomia by damaging salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for the shift to favor remineralisation in arrested caries?

    <p>Improved oral hygiene/prevention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should continue for patients with arrested caries?

    <p>Prevention strategies due to higher future caries risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the balance between demineralisation and remineralisation favor remineralisation?

    <p>Through enhanced saliva production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of caries refers to decay that occurs on the roots of teeth?

    <p>Root Caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding active and inactive caries?

    <p>Inactive caries can still progress if conditions worsen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the presence of multiple carious lesions?

    <p>Rampant caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dental Caries Overview

    • Dental caries is a dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization.
    • It is caused by acids produced when bacteria in the mouth digest carbohydrates on the tooth surface.
    • These acids demineralize the tooth surface, leading to the destruction of dental tissues.
    • Initially, the process is reversible, but prolonged exposure makes it irreversible.

    GDC Learning Outcomes

    • Describe oral diseases and their relevance to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
    • Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of oral diseases.
    • Assess and manage caries, occlusion, and tooth wear; restore dentition with minimal intervention, maintaining function and aesthetics, where appropriate.

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Explain worldwide healthcare issues associated with dental caries.
    • Describe dental caries based on causative factors, anatomical location, and stage of progression.
    • Explain how basic management principles may vary for different clinical presentations of dental caries.

    Aetiology of Dental Caries

    • Caries is influenced by the interplay of time, susceptible tooth surface, fermentable carbohydrates, and plaque bacteria.

    Histopathology of Enamel and Dentine Caries

    • This is a subject of pre-reading material.

    Types of Dental Caries

    • Arrested/Inactive Caries:

      • When the balance between demineralization and remineralization favors remineralization, the carious lesions may heal.
      • Reasons for the balance shift to remineralisation can include improved oral hygiene or prevention measures, removal of plaque retention factors.
      • Treatments may include fluoride application and restorations for cosmetic reasons.
      • Requires continued prevention as arrested caries indicate an increased risk of future caries.

    • Root Caries:

      • Primary tissue affected (initial stage): cementum
      • Rapidly progresses to dentine.
      • Occurs when root surfaces are exposed due to recession.
      • Followed by bacterial colonization.
      • Progresses faster than enamel caries due to cementum's softer nature.
      • Etiology (causes): Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia) reduces sugar clearance and mineral reservoir on the tooth surface.
      • Treatment:
        • Preventative measures: oral hygiene, diet advice (sugar-free sweets), fluoride. Oral hygiene can be challenging for elderly patients due to physical impairments.
        • Treatment: restoring with glass ionomer cement (fluoride-releasing) or composite resin, saliva substitutes, medications like pilocarpine, and tooth mousse.
        • When to restore: Cavitated lesions posing a risk to pulp (nerves). Uncontrollable sensitivity. Inhibition of plaque control. If active and not arrested.
        • Treatment technique: Isolation (ideally rubber dam) if adequate enamel and isolation possible. If not possible composite or glass ionomer cement.

    • Early Childhood Caries:

      • Defined by presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled (due to decay) tooth surfaces in preschool-age children (birth to 71 months).
      • Primarily in primary teeth.
      • Previously termed bottle caries or nursing caries.
      • Essentially refers to any child under 6 who has decay.
      • Further information in paediatric dentistry lectures.

    • Rampant Caries:

      • Extensive form of caries.
      • Impacts multiple teeth.
      • Characterized by rapid progression.
      • Often more immune to decay in select areas (e.g. mandibular incisors)
      • Subgroups include: early childhood rampant caries, xerostomia-induced rampant caries, and radiation-induced rampant caries.
      • Treatment:
        • Extensive prevention.
        • Stabilization: using temporary restorations to assess response to prevention prior to definitive restorations.
      • Review treatment with conventional management of caries lectures.

    • Caries based on anatomical position:

      • Smooth surface caries: Described as caries on smooth surfaces.
      • Pit and fissure caries: Described as caries in pits and fissures.
      • Interproximal caries: Caries between teeth, typically below contact points where bacteria accumulate easily.
      • GV Black Classification: Used to technically classify restoration designs related to cavity preparation. Can also be used to describe caries locations for treatment purposes.
        • Class I, II, III, IV, V, and VI have different tooth and surface locations.

    • Primary/Secondary Caries:

      • Primary caries: caries affecting a previously untreated tooth surface.
      • Secondary caries: caries affecting a previously treated tooth surface (e.g. after restoration or fissure sealant).

    • Residual Caries:

      • Caries remaining after restoration.
      • May be intentional (e.g. close to pulp, sealants) or unintentional (e.g., missed decay before restoration).

    • White spot lesions/Incipient Caries:

      • Initial evidence of carious activity not yet in the dentine.
      • Can be remineralized with preventative measures.
      • May also be termed reversible caries or present as white spot lesions.

    Follow-up Reading

    • Detection of dental caries lecture.
    • Caries prevention lectures.
    • Caries management lectures.

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    Related Documents

    Describing Dental Caries PDF

    Description

    Explore the dynamic process of dental caries, including its causes, effects, and management techniques. This quiz covers the etiology, prevention, and treatment methods associated with oral diseases, specifically focusing on tooth demineralization and remineralization.

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