Dental Calculus Overview
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Questions and Answers

What role does the element in the organic matrix play in calculus formation?

  • It inhibits plaque growth
  • It enhances bacterial growth
  • It acts as a seeding agent (correct)
  • It serves as a protective barrier

    • What effect do phosphatases and proteases released from bacteria have on calcification?

  • They reduce the rate of plaque calcification
  • They prevent calcium phosphate crystal formation
  • They degrade calcification inhibitors in saliva (correct)
  • They promote the formation of calcification inhibitors

    • How is calculus described in its final form?

  • A soluble mixture of organic compounds
  • A soft layer of bacteria and debris
  • An insoluble mass of calcium phosphate crystals (correct)
  • A gel-like plaque buildup

    • What classifications exist for individuals based on their calculus formation rate?

    <p>Heavy, Moderate, Slight, Non-calculus formers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the rate of calculus formation?

    <p>Seasonal changes in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to detect calculus aside from clinical observation?

    <p>Radiographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of calculus former is characterized by the lowest accumulation rate?

    <p>No-formers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does calculus have on clinical practice?

    <p>It complicates treatment planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crystalline structure is formed during calculus development?

    <p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in the process of calcification?

    <p>Action of phosphatases and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dental calculus primarily composed of?

    <p>10-30% organic and 70-90% inorganic materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of calculus forms above the gum line?

    <p>Supragingival calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the crystalline structure of dental calculus?

    <p>Magnesium phosphate and octacalcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is not associated with the attachment of dental calculus?

    <p>Middle of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can influence the variance in the crystalline content of dental calculus?

    <p>Location of the calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what timeframe does dental calculus typically begin to form after plaque biofilm formation?

    <p>48 hours - 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a method of attachment for dental calculus?

    <p>Loss of tooth enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of calculus is found within periodontal pockets?

    <p>Subgingival calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the adherence of calculus to the tooth surface depend on?

    <p>Tooth irregularities and surface texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dental calculus play in dental disease progression?

    <p>It contributes to the advancement of dental diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consistency of saliva produced by the salivary glands?

    <p>Colorless and slightly sticky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total saliva production is contributed by the submandibular gland?

    <p>60-65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical daily production of saliva in liters?

    <p>1-1.5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland contributes the least to saliva production?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate contribution of the parotid gland to total saliva production?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland is responsible for the highest percentage of saliva production?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical daily production of saliva in liters?

    <p>1.0-1.5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consistency of saliva produced by salivary glands?

    <p>Colorless and slightly sticky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland contributes the least to total saliva production?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands is primarily responsible for 25% of saliva production?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dental Calculus

    • Definition: Mineralized bacterial biofilm that forms on teeth.
    • Formation: Occurs after plaque biofilm formation, typically within 48 hours to 2 weeks.

    Composition

    • Organic: 10-30%
      • Plaque bacteria
      • Dead epithelial cells and white blood cells
    • Inorganic: 70-90%
      • Calcium
        • Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite, brushite)
        • Calcium carbonate
      • Magnesium
        • Magnesium phosphate (whitlockite)

    Crystalline Structure

    • Calcium brushite
    • Octocalcium phosphate
    • Calcium hydroxyapatite
    • Magnesium whitlockite
    • The crystalline content can vary based on location, age of calculus, and the individual.

    Location

    • Common attachment sites:
      • Gingival crevice
      • Root surface with periodontal pockets
      • Prosthesis
      • Restoration ledges
      • Imbricated teeth
      • Occlusal surfaces

    Location in Relation to Gingivae

    • Supra Calculus: Above the gum line.
    • Sub Calculus: Below the gum line.

    Differences between Supra and Sub Calculus

    • Appearance:
      • SupraCalculus: Often has a yellowish-white color, rough texture.
      • Sub Calculus: Can be dark brown or black, smooth texture.
    • Attachment:
      • Supra Calculus: Adheres to the tooth surface by acquired pellicle and penetration into enamel.
      • Sub Calculus: Attaches to the root surface in periodontal pockets.

    Formation of Calculus

    • Seeding Agents: Organic matrix in plaque acts as a seeding agent for calculus formation.
    • Bacterial Enzymes: Phosphatases and proteases released by bacteria degrade calcification inhibitors in saliva, accelerating the process.
    • Crystal Formation: Insoluble calcium phosphate crystals coalesce to form calcified mass of plaque known as calculus.

    Calculus Accumulation Rate

    • Variability: Rate of calcification and calculus accumulation varies widely based on:
      • Individual
      • Teeth
      • Time
    • Classification of Calculus Formers:
      • Heavy
      • Moderate
      • Slight
      • Non-calculus formers

    Detection

    • Visual Inspection: Calculus can be visible, especially supra calculus.
    • Radiographs: Reveals subgingival calculus.
    • Tactile Exploration: Dental instruments help to detect calculus.

    Clinical Relevance

    • Dental Disease: Calculus can contribute to the progression of periodontal disease.
      • Plaque accumulation
      • Inflammation
      • Bone loss
    • Patient Impact: Important for clinicians to educate patients on the importance of oral hygiene and calculus removal.

    Saliva

    • Saliva is a colorless, slightly sticky solution produced by the salivary glands.
    • Salivary glands can produce either serous or mucous saliva.
    • We produce 1-1.5 liters of saliva each day.
    • The submandibular glands produce 60-65% of total saliva.
    • The parotid glands produce 25% of total saliva.
    • The sublingual glands produce 5-10% of total saliva.
    • Minor salivary glands also contribute to saliva production.

    Saliva: Definition and Composition

    • Saliva is a colorless, slightly sticky solution produced by the salivary glands.
    • Saliva consistency can be serous or mucous.

    Saliva Production

    • We produce 1-1.5 liters of saliva daily.

    Sources of Saliva

    • Submandibular glands produce the most saliva (60-65% of total production).
    • Parotid glands contribute 25% of saliva production.
    • Sublingual glands produce 5-10% of total saliva.
    • Minor salivary glands also contribute to saliva production.

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    Dental Calculus PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of dental calculus, including its definition, formation process, composition, and crystalline structure. Additionally, it discusses common locations for attachment and the relation of calculus to gingivae. Perfect for dental students and professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge.

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