Dental Burs and Cutting Efficiency Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which factor has the least influence on the cutting efficiency of a bur?

  • Operator's experience (correct)
  • Tissue to be cut
  • Bur material
  • Bur design

How does increasing the number of blades in a bur generally affect its cutting efficiency?

  • Decreases cutting efficiency by decreasing clearance space
  • Increases cutting efficiency by increasing clearance space
  • Increases cutting efficiency by decreasing clearance space (correct)
  • Decreases cutting efficiency by increasing clearance space

What is the primary advantage of using a tungsten carbide bur over a steel bur?

  • Tungsten carbide burs are more resistant to heat generation. (correct)
  • Tungsten carbide burs are less prone to dulling rapidly.
  • Tungsten carbide burs are generally less expensive.
  • Tungsten carbide burs provide a smoother cutting action.

Which type of rake angle provides the best balance between cutting efficiency and durability?

<p>Zero rake angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pressure applied to a bur affect its performance?

<p>Increased pressure increases cutting efficiency, but also increases risk of blade fracture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why inverted cone burs are significantly more efficient than fissure burs of the same size?

<p>They cut in dentin only, not enamel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative rake angle indicate concerning a bur?

<p>The bur has a strong but dull blade. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT directly related to cutting efficiency?

<p>Operator's technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing speed affect the cutting efficiency of a bur?

<p>Increases cutting efficiency, but also increases risk of bur dulling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to the difference in cutting efficiency between enamel and dentin?

<p>The difference in hardness numbers between the two tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of coolant?

<p>Increase the need for local anesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between dental burs and dental stones?

<p>Dental burs have abrasive particles on their working head, while dental stones have cutting blades. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of multi-directional coolant?

<p>It is more effective at controlling heat generation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of coolant used in dentistry?

<p>Nitrous oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amalgam carrier used for?

<p>Delivering amalgam increments into the preparation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of instruments used for the isolation of the operative field?

<p>To keep the operative field dry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is preferred to prevent injury during the exploration of the operative field?

<p>Single ended explorer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for the exploring tip of an exploring probe?

<p>Very pointed and sharp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of exploring probe?

<p>Powered drill explorer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periodontal probe?

<p>To detect the depth of periodontal pockets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hand cutting instruments are primarily used for what purpose?

<p>Removing tooth substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instruments is typically utilized for finishing and polishing purposes?

<p>Burnisher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of hand cutting instruments over rotary cutting instruments?

<p>They generate less heat during use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grasp is recommended for delicate work and finishing enamel walls?

<p>Pen grasp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a reverse bevel in a cast gold cavity?

<p>To create a gingival lock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using hand cutting instruments?

<p>Shorter lifespan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would the palm and thumb grasp be most effectively used?

<p>Upper teeth, particularly on the palatal surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following captures the purpose of rests when using hand instruments?

<p>To provide support and prevent slippage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cutting tool is specifically designed for cutting?

<p>Burs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grasp variation is a slight modification of the pen and palm and thumb grasps?

<p>Modified palm and thumb grasp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of hand instruments contributes to their high cutting efficiency?

<p>Precision in design and usage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a tapered fissure bur?

<p>Preparation of retentive grooves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bur type is primarily designed for finishing lines in crown and bridge work?

<p>End cutting bur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bur is characterized by having a latch type shank?

<p>Regular speed bur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many blades does a cutting bur typically have?

<p>6-8 blades (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which angle describes the relationship between the back of the blade and the work surface?

<p>Clearance angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bur is suited for surgery work?

<p>Long shank bur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the clearance space between the blades is too small?

<p>Bur clogging and loss of effectiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a positive rake angle?

<p>Provides a sharper blade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of bur does the head typically carry cutting blades in a rounded inverted cone shape?

<p>Fissure bur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pertains to the number of blades in a finishing bur?

<p>8-12 blades (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Isolation Instruments

Instruments used to keep the operative field dry, like rubber dam, saliva ejector, and cotton roll holder.

Exploring Instruments

Instruments used to examine the inside of the mouth, like mouth mirrors and explorers.

Exploring Probe

A sharp, pointed instrument used to detect caries, determine the consistency of dentin, and carve restorations.

Hand Cutting Instrument

A hand-held instrument used to remove tooth substance.

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Powered Cutting Instrument

A motorized instrument used to remove tooth substance, like a drill.

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Manipulation & Packing Instruments

Instruments used to model, shape, and pack restorative materials into the prepared cavity.

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Shaping Instruments

Instruments used for shaping restorations, such as plastic instruments.

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Roundation of axio-pulpal line angle

The rounded angle formed where the axio-pulpal line meets the axial wall, designed to prevent stress concentration and fracture.

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Reverse Bevel formation in cast gold cavity

A technique used in casting gold restorations to improve retention by creating a sloping, interlocking surface at the gingival margin.

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Pen grasp

The way in which a hand cutting instrument is grasped for better control, utilizing the thumb and index fingers.

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Palm and thumb grasp

A hand cutting instrument grasp method that provides more force for cutting, involving the thumb and palm.

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Modified palm and thumb grasp

A grasp method where the instrument is held similarly to the palm and thumb grasp, but with slight adjustments for increased control

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Rests

The way in which fingers not used in holding the instrument are placed for support and stability, to prevent slippage.

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Guards

Fingers used on the opposite hand from the instrument, creating a barrier to protect surrounding tissues from unintentional injury.

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Cutting points

Rotary cutting instruments use points to remove tooth structure. Burs are sharp blades used for cutting, while abrasives have rough surfaces for abrasion.

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Fissure Bur

A type of bur used for preparing cavity walls, rounding line angles, and creating retentive grooves. They come in various sizes and shapes.

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Straight/Cylindrical Fissure Bur

A bur with a straight or cylindrical shape used for preparing cavities.

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Tapered Fissure Bur

A bur with a tapered shape used for creating retentive grooves.

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245 or 330 Fissure Bur

A type of bur used for preparing the entire cavity in a conservative manner. Has a rounded end.

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End-Cutting Fissure Bur

A bur used for finishing the margins of crowns and bridges.

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Latch Type Bur

A bur with a latch-type shank designed for regular speed.

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Friction Grip Type Bur

A bur with a friction grip type shank designed for ultra-high speed.

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Cutting Bur

A type of bur with 6 to 8 blades, used for cutting tooth structure.

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Finishing Bur

A type of bur with 8 to 12 blades, used for finishing restorations.

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Shank

The part of the bur that connects to the handpiece.

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Cutting Efficiency of a Bur

The ability of a bur to effectively cut tooth structure with minimal effort and time.

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Tungsten Carbide

A material known for its high hardness, melting point, and resistance to heat, making it ideal for bur construction.

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Rake Angle

The angle between the cutting edge of a bur blade and a line perpendicular to the surface being cut.

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Enamel

The tissue with the highest hardness number, requiring more effort from the bur for cutting.

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Dentin

The tissue found beneath enamel, softer and easier to cut with a bur.

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Pressure

The force exerted by the operator on the bur during cutting, directly impacting cutting efficiency.

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Speed and Bur Efficiency

Increasing the speed of a bur can increase cutting efficiency, but also generates more heat and can cause the bur to dull faster.

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Inverted Cone Bur

The type of bur that demonstrates higher cutting efficiency than a fissure bur due to its smaller cutting area and focus on dentin.

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Area of Contact

The area of contact between the bur and the tooth structure being cut.

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Number of Blades on a Bur

The number of blades on a bur can affect its cutting efficiency. More blades mean more cutting edges, but too many can weaken the bur.

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Coolant in Dentistry

A substance used during dental procedures to cool the tooth and prevent damage from heat generated by cutting instruments. It also helps to improve visibility, clean the tooth and instrument, and reduce pain.

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Dental Abrasives

Diamond points and stones are the most common rotary cutting instruments that use abrasive particles instead of blades to remove tooth structure.

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Burs vs. Abrasives

Dental burs are used to cut tooth structure, while abrasives are designed to abrade or grind tooth structure. Burs are more effective on dentin, while abrasives are better for enamel.

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Amalgam Carrier

A tool used to fill dental preparations with amalgam. It has a hollow end that holds a small amount of amalgam and is pushed into the preparation.

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Coolant with Abrasives

Coolant is essential with dental abrasives because they generate more heat due to friction. It helps prevent damage to the tooth and surrounding tissues.

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Study Notes

Instruments & Instrumentation

  • Operative dentistry instruments are classified by use.
  • Instruments for isolation keep the operative field dry.
    • Examples include rubber dams, saliva ejectors, and cotton roll holders.
  • Instruments for exploring the operative field are used to examine the area.
    • Mouth mirrors, explorers, magnifying loups, microscopes, and intraoral cameras are examples.
    • Single-ended explorers are preferred over double-ended ones to prevent injury.
  • Instruments for removing tooth substance include hand cutting instruments and powered cutting instruments.
    • Rotary cutting instruments (e.g., burs and abrasives) are used for cavity preparation.
    • Air abrasion uses an air stream with abrasive particles (e.g., aluminum oxide) to remove tooth structure.
      • Advantages: minimal heat generation and painless procedure.
      • Disadvantages: loss of tactile sensation and inability to create a predictable cavity.
    • Lasers (like water lasers) convert absorbed energy into heat to destroy tissue.
      • Advantages: used predominantly for soft tissues.
      • Disadvantages: harmful to hard tissues.
    • Sonic instruments use abrasive particles to remove tooth structure.
      • Advantages: safe-sided cutting, minimal injury to surrounding teeth.
      • Disadvantages: cutting efficiency issues
  • Chemo-mechanical methods (e.g., Carisolv) use a gel to soften carious dentin.
  • Enzymes (e.g., pronase) help remove carious dentin.

Hand Cutting Instruments

  • Hand cutting instruments cut or cleave enamel (and dentin) and shape cavity walls.
  • A hand cutting instrument comprises a shaft/handle, shank, and blade.
    • Shafts may be serrated or angulated to prevent slippage during cutting
  • Black's Formula describes the instrument's measurements (width, length, angles) written on the instrument's shaft.
  • Different types of excavators: straight, mono-angle, bin-angle, wedel-staedt, and angel formers.
  • Different types of chisels: straight, mono-angle, bin-angle, and enamel hatchets
  • Advantages of hand instruments: conservative cutting, no vibration/heat generation, high cutting efficiency, and smoothness of surfaces.

Classification of Hand Instruments

  • Instruments can be classified by use (excavator or chisel).
  • Instruments can be classified by the direction of cutting (direct or lateral).
  • Instruments can be classified by beveling (single, bi, triple, or circumferential).
  • Instruments can be classified by the number of ends (single or double-ended).
  • Instruments can be classified by contra-angling (angle addition).

Cutting Instruments (Rotary)

  • Rotary cutting instruments, such as burs and abrasives, are used for cutting.
  • Burs can be made of tungsten carbide or steel.
  • Burs are classified by shape (e.g., rounded, inverted cone, fissure).
  • Burs are classified by shank length (e.g., regular, long, short) and blade number.
  • Advantages of using a rotary cutting instrument (bur): rapid removal of tooth structures, less apprehension in the patient, and ability to treat multiple teeth in a single appointment.
  • Disadvantages of using rotary cutting instrument (bur): potential damage to healthy tooth structures, increased heat generation.

Heat Generation and Coolant

  • Heat generation during cutting can harm the pulp.
    • Friction between the bur and tooth surface is a major cause.
  • Coolants reduce the amount of heat generated by:
    • Increasing viscosity of air spray.
    • Biologically compatible.
    • Same body temperature/
    • Sufficient amount.
    • Directed at the cavity area to be cut.

Eccentricity in Burs

  • Eccentricity in burs is the maximum shaft displacement from the central axis.
  • Causes of eccentricity in burs include defects in the tool, attachment, handpiece, and motor-handpiece assembly.
  • Effects of bur eccentricity: increased vibration, decreased cutting efficiency, and increased heat generation and decreased bur life.

Cutting Efficiency

  • Cutting efficiency is the ability of a bur to cut a maximum amount of tooth structure with minimum effort and time.
  • Factors affecting cutting efficiency:
    • Bur material , design characteristics (number of blades, rake angle, etc.).
    • Pressure of the cutting tool, speed, and any other frictional forces between bur and dentin.
  • Methods of controlling heat: using sharp instruments, controlling speed and pressure, using coolant.

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Description

Test your knowledge about dental burs and their cutting efficiency in this engaging quiz. Explore how factors like blade number, rake angle, and material influence the performance of burs. Perfect for dental students or professionals looking to refresh their understanding of these essential tools.

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