Dental Anomalies and Conditions Quiz

<p>Gardner’s syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrodontia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodontia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sclerotic bone formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apical periodontitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection has reached the periosteum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sclerosing osteitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of osteomyelitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form new layers of bone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiolucency around the periapical region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal number of teeth when counted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taurodontism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion of a tooth to bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folding inward of the enamel organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canines and molars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized enamel defects in a few teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth DEJ and bulbous crowns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ankylosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enamel pearl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrescence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short, conical roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves abnormal positioning of a tooth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Den evaginatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Very large pulp chambers and thin enamel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To line air cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is vital (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves new layers of bone formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes odontogenic sinusitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abscess associated with the periosteum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor the periosteum to bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New layers of cortical bone are forming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is osteogenic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is filled by more bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial enamel demineralization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demineralization in pits and fissures (B), Bowl-shaped morphology without change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rampant caries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By identifying residual caries near the pulp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Root caries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical burnout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mach band effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Begins above the free gingival margin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xerostomia due to systemic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occlusal caries development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periostitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of intact lamina dura (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 10 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-defined and uniformly radiopaque (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized metabolization changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infected dental pulp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dips and expands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental pulp vitality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiolucent with a spoke-like pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ill-defined outline and root resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assists in locating the mental foramen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shows integrity of periodontal structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a radiolucent rim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Size consistency over the years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anodontia (A), Oligodontia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleidocranial dysplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condition where the pulp chamber is elongated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous tissue replacing normal bone, appearing radiolucent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixed stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Completely radiopaque with a thin radiolucent rim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wait a few months to monitor for progression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total radiopacity with a thin radiolucent ring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological wearing of teeth from occlusal contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-defined semicircular radiolucencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact with acidic substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal resorption is caused by localized inflammatory lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deposition of cementum on tooth root surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlarged root canal system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widening of the periodontal ligament space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underdevelopment of an organ or tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrow semilunar radiolucency in interproximal area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized calcification in the pulp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of pulp chamber size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlargement due to increased cell size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short, blunted root (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleft palate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tooth responds within a specific value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces osteoblasts leading to new bone formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents an extension of periosteal infection to the gingiva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More bone fills the gap between layers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Odontogenic sinusitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Onion ring-like formations of new bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrescence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilaceration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two layers, one osteogenic and one fibrous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial infections spreading to the periosteum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dens in dente (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a dental abscess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Talon cusp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor the periosteum to the bone surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gemination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak enamel crystals that flake away (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molars shaped like a bull with large pulp chambers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin enamel and large pulp chambers in a localized area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rootless teeth with short, conical roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constricted shape at the incisal with extra cusps on posterior teeth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defective formation of enamel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intact lamina dura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized growth of compact bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is likely to break down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in replacement with fibrous tissue and amorphous bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Size remaining consistent over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By performing a vitality test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replacement of bone with dense fibrous tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurrence of root resorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxillary sinus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-defined radiopaque area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can expand over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uniform radiopaque density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases image quality and reduces patient dose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A larger detector leads to more scatter radiation and decreased image quality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBCT has isotropic voxels while CT has non-isotropic voxels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate bit depth can result in reduced image quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT reduces scatter radiation by rotating around the patient multiple times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are released by radiofrequency coils. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with cardiac pacemakers should avoid MRI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T2 highlights fluids, while T1 highlights fat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess cranial nerve involvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of claustrophobia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not affect imaging results significantly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (A), Computed tomography (CT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty distinguishing between different structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT completes one slice with one revolution while CBCT can do multiple slices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benign intraosseous cysts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cone-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geometric fidelity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower radiation dose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tomography of soft tissue tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Computed tomography (CT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning implants and assessing bone structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBCT requires multiple rotations for image collection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improves contrast resolution and image quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visualizing anterior-posterior positioning of teeth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cylindrical volume detector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applying cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to better signal-to-noise ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased radiation dose to the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caries detection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cupping artifacts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excellent soft tissue contrast resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionizing radiation can create free radicals in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing vascular structures visibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alignment of hydrogen protons in magnetic fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited visualization of soft tissue lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To align protons more effectively in the magnetic field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBCT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having more teeth than normal.

Extra teeth.

Extra tooth between the central incisors.

Missing one or a few teeth.

Conditions present at birth, either hereditary or due to environmental influences.

Conditions that develop after birth.

Teeth larger than normal.

Teeth smaller than normal.

A tooth that fails to erupt through the gum line.

Teeth switching positions during development.

Tooth fused to the jawbone.

Abnormal position of a tooth.

One tooth bud dividing into two, forming two teeth.

Two tooth buds growing together.

Cementum of teeth fuses, root connection.

Molar with an abnormally large pulp chamber.

Sudden change in root direction, tooth curvature.

Tooth within a tooth (invagination).

Enamel covered tubercle on tooth.

Defect in enamel formation.

Thin enamel, can see dentin.

Defect in dentin formation.

Regional defect affecting enamel, dentin and roots.

Dental decay that starts between two teeth, affecting the enamel and dentin. It begins as a small triangle at the surface and points towards the pulp.

A radiographic illusion that can resemble proximal caries. It's caused by less dense bone in the cervical region, making the area appear darker.

Abnormalities in tooth development, including size, shape, or number. Some examples are hypoplastic pits and concavities.

Dental decay that starts on the chewing surface of a tooth, often in pits and fissures.

Fast and severe tooth decay, often seen in children with poor oral hygiene or adults experiencing xerostomia (dry mouth).

Dental decay on the outer (buccal) or inner (lingual) surfaces of teeth, typically starting in pits and fissures.

Caries remaining after a restoration has been placed, often near the pulp.

A dental restoration that appears dark on a radiograph, making it difficult to distinguish from caries.

Dental decay affecting the root of a tooth, typically seen with gum recession.

Tooth decay caused by radiation therapy to the head and neck, leading to dry mouth and changes in oral bacteria.

An infection of the bone, often caused by bacteria spreading from a nearby tooth infection. It occurs when the body's immune system fails to control the spread of infection, resulting in bone destruction.

Inflammation of the periosteum, the protective membrane that covers the bone. This inflammation can cause layers of new bone to form, creating a characteristic onion-ring appearance on X-rays.

Strong collagen fibers extending from the bone into the periosteum, anchoring the periosteum firmly to the bone.

The body's response to infection, which causes the periosteum to thicken and form new bone. This reaction is a sign of inflammation and can be seen on X-rays.

A specific type of periosteal reaction caused by inflammation often due to infection. The periosteum reacts by forming new layers of bone around the infected area.

A large air-filled cavity in the upper jaw bone, which can become infected if the infection spreads from a tooth.

Infection of the maxillary sinus, usually originating from a tooth infection. Symptoms include cold-like symptoms and pain around the sinus.

A hole in the floor of the maxillary sinus, allowing infection to drain into the sinus and cause odontogenic sinusitis. This can happen when an infection spreads from a tooth into the sinus.

When the infection pushes on the floor of the maxillary sinus, causing it to shift or deform. This can be seen on X-rays.

A gum abscess caused by the spread of infection from the periosteum to the gingiva (gums).

A small opening on the mandible, usually near the apex of premolars, mimicking a periapical lesion.

A small opening on the palate, usually between central incisors, that can be mistaken for a periapical lesion.

Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal - when a radiographic object moves in the same direction as the X-ray beam, it is located lingually, and if it moves in the opposite direction, it is buccally.

A test to assess the health and vitality of a tooth, especially when trying to determine if a lesion is related to a live tooth or a normal anatomical structure.

Determining if a radiolucent area is a large, normal foramen or a pathology like a cyst based on size.

A depression in the mandible where the submandibular gland sits, sometimes mimicking radiolucent lesions.

Areas within bone filled with bone marrow, sometimes appearing as radiolucent lesions.

The process of air-filled spaces in bone, like the maxillary sinus, expanding and growing.

A localized area of denser bone within normal bone tissue, often appearing radiopaque.

Inflammation of bone characterized by excessive bone formation, often appearing as a radiopaque lesion.

A localized area of increased bone density often associated with a carious tooth, appearing as a radiopaque lesion.

A rare, benign tumor composed of cementum-like material, appearing as a radiopaque lesion with a radiolucent rim.

Dense fibrous tissue that replaces bone after surgery or endodontic treatment, appearing as a radiolucent area.

A benign, developmental disorder of bone characterized by abnormal bone formation, appearing as a radiopaque lesion.

Inflammation of the bone characterized by bone destruction, making the area appear radiolucent on X-rays.

An increase in the space between the tooth and the surrounding bone, often caused by trauma or caries.

A test to assess the health and vitality of a tooth, especially when evaluating a periapical lesion.

A rare genetic condition involving skull and clavicle abnormalities, often accompanied by supernumerary teeth.

A genetic disorder characterized by an increased risk of colon cancer, multiple osteomas (bone growths), and numerous supernumerary teeth.

A lateral incisor that is unusually small and peg-shaped, often seen in cases of microdontia.

A tough membrane covering the outer surface of bones, containing cells that can produce new bone.

Infection can cause displacement, perforation, and drainage into the sinus, leading to odontogenic sinusitis.

The gradual wearing down of tooth enamel due to normal chewing forces. It's a natural process that happens over time.

Loss of tooth enamel caused by friction from foreign objects like toothbrushes, dental floss, or even biting on hard objects.

The process where the root of a tooth is resorbed (broken down) from the outside, often due to inflammation or trauma.

A type of external root resorption that occurs at the tip of the root.

A type of external root resorption that occurs near the neck of the tooth, where the crown meets the root.

The process where the root of a tooth is resorbed (broken down) from the inside, often due to trauma or infection.

Small, hard calcifications (mineral deposits) that form within the pulp chamber of a tooth.

An excessive buildup of cementum, the hard tissue that covers the root of a tooth. This can cause the root to appear abnormally large.

A non-cancerous bone defect, often found in the lower jaw, that appears as a radiolucent (dark) area on X-rays.

A bony growth that protrudes outwards from the surface of a bone.

A bony growth that occurs within the bone, often appearing as a dense, radiopaque (white) area on X-rays.

Disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the joint that connects the jaw to the skull. These can cause pain, clicking, and limited jaw movement.

A birth defect where the roof of the mouth (palate) doesn't fully close, creating an opening.

Abnormalities in the maxillary sinus, the air-filled cavity in the upper jawbone. These can affect the sinus's size, shape, and drainage.

Describes an area on a radiograph that appears dark, indicating less dense tissue, such as bone loss or infection.

Describes an area on a radiograph that appears white, indicating denser tissue like bone or tooth enamel.

The initial stage of Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia, characterized by a radiolucent appearance due to the replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue.

The final stage of Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia, characterized by a completely radiopaque appearance with a thin radiolucent rim, indicating a fully formed lesion.

A hole in the floor of the maxillary sinus allows infection to drain into the sinus.

Infection pushes the sinus floor upwards, distorting its shape.

A type of 3D imaging that uses a cone-shaped beam to create images of the head and neck. It's often used in dentistry for planning treatment and monitoring progress.

The area of the patient's head captured by the imaging beam. A smaller FOV results in higher image quality but exposes the patient to less radiation.

The smallest 3D unit in a digital image, representing a cube of tissue. Smaller voxels mean more detail and higher image quality.

Voxels with equal dimensions in all directions (X, Y, Z). This is typical in CBCT images, ensuring accurate 3D representation.

The number of bits used to represent the grayscale values in an image. Higher bit depth allows for more shades of gray and better image contrast.

Provides a more complete view of the tooth and surrounding structures, allowing for better diagnosis and treatment planning. This is especially important in cases where 2D images are limited.

CBCT primarily focuses on bone structures, while CT provides detailed views of both soft tissues and bones.

CBCT is widely used in dentistry for implant planning, periodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and surgical assessment.

CBCT images are typically viewed in three planes: Sagittal (left-right), Coronal (front-back), and Axial (top-bottom).

CT imaging allows for both soft tissue and bone window settings. Soft tissue window enhances the visibility of soft tissues, while bone window emphasizes bone details.

Voxel is a 3D pixel, representing a small volume of tissue. CBCT uses isotropic voxels (equal width, length, and height), while CT uses non-isotropic voxels.

CT delivers higher radiation doses compared to CBCT, due to longer exposure times.

CT uses multiple rotations to generate axial sections, while CBCT utilizes one 360-degree rotation.

CT relies on computer calculations for sagittal and coronal views. CBCT provides basic projections (multiple sagittal planes) that serve as the foundation for 3D reconstructions.

CT uses a fan-shaped beam, while CBCT employs a cone-shaped beam.

CT's default image is axial, while CBCT provides multiple sagittal projections as its default.

CT is often used for diagnosing and monitoring various infections, trauma, developmental anomalies, and tumors. CBCT primarily excels in implant planning, periodontics, endodontics, and orthodontics.

CBCT offers high resolution, improved image quality, and lower radiation doses compared to traditional CT.

CBCT primarily focuses on bone structures, limiting the visualization of soft tissues. It can be less accurate in diagnosing soft tissue pathologies.

Advanced imaging techniques, like CBCT and CT, continue to evolve, offering even higher resolution and precision. This leads to more accurate diagnoses, better treatment planning, and improved patient care.

Most protons within the body are aligned in low energy states, resulting in a net magnetization.

Radiofrequency waves are emitted by the MRI machine, causing protons in low energy states to absorb energy and transition to high energy states.

As protons return to their low energy states, they release energy, generating detectable signals that form the basis of MRI images.

A type of MRI sequence that highlights tissues rich in fat, such as adipose tissue.

A type of MRI sequence that highlights tissues with high water content, such as fluids.

Metallic objects can be attracted to the strong magnetic field of an MRI, posing a risk to the patient.

MRI plays a vital role in visualizing and evaluating soft tissues, which are often challenging to assess with other imaging techniques.

MRI is a valuable tool for examining the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), helping diagnose conditions like disc displacement or joint degeneration.

The ability of an imaging system to differentiate between different shades of gray. Essential for distinguishing detailed anatomical structures.

Higher bit depth allows for a wider range of shades of gray, resulting in better contrast resolution. This means finer details can be distinguished in images.

Devices that capture images in 3D. Common types include image intensifiers (spherical shape, older) and flat panel detectors (cylindrical shape, newer).

A type of 3D detector that uses a spherical volume to capture images. It's older technology.

A type of 3D detector that uses a cylindrical shape to capture images. It's newer technology and produces better quality images.

The length of time a detector is exposed to radiation. Affects signal-to-noise ratio, influencing image quality (less noise, better image).

Similar to 2D imaging, higher mA increases the amount of radiation, resulting in a stronger signal with less noise. This improves image quality but increases radiation dose.

Higher kVp improves image quality by increasing the energy of X-rays. However, this also increases the radiation dose to the patient.

Distortions or abnormalities in a CBCT image caused by factors like metal restorations, scattered radiation, or the cone beam shape.

An advanced imaging modality that uses magnetic fields to create images of tissues, mainly using the magnetic moments of protons in water molecules. It's non-ionizing and provides excellent soft tissue contrast resolution.

MRI offers advantages like no radiation exposure, excellent soft tissue contrast, and the ability to use intravenous contrast for vascular imaging.

MRI has disadvantages, including lengthy scan times, potential metal susceptibility artifacts, and claustrophobia issues.