Dental Anomalies and Conditions Quiz

Having more teeth than normal.

Extra teeth.

Extra tooth between the central incisors.

Missing one or a few teeth.

Conditions present at birth, either hereditary or due to environmental influences.

Conditions that develop after birth.

Teeth larger than normal.

Teeth smaller than normal.

A tooth that fails to erupt through the gum line.

Teeth switching positions during development.

Tooth fused to the jawbone.

Abnormal position of a tooth.

One tooth bud dividing into two, forming two teeth.

Two tooth buds growing together.

Cementum of teeth fuses, root connection.

Molar with an abnormally large pulp chamber.

Sudden change in root direction, tooth curvature.

Tooth within a tooth (invagination).

Enamel covered tubercle on tooth.

Defect in enamel formation.

Thin enamel, can see dentin.

Defect in dentin formation.

Regional defect affecting enamel, dentin and roots.

Dental decay that starts between two teeth, affecting the enamel and dentin. It begins as a small triangle at the surface and points towards the pulp.

A radiographic illusion that can resemble proximal caries. It's caused by less dense bone in the cervical region, making the area appear darker.

Abnormalities in tooth development, including size, shape, or number. Some examples are hypoplastic pits and concavities.

Dental decay that starts on the chewing surface of a tooth, often in pits and fissures.

Fast and severe tooth decay, often seen in children with poor oral hygiene or adults experiencing xerostomia (dry mouth).

Dental decay on the outer (buccal) or inner (lingual) surfaces of teeth, typically starting in pits and fissures.

Caries remaining after a restoration has been placed, often near the pulp.

A dental restoration that appears dark on a radiograph, making it difficult to distinguish from caries.

Dental decay affecting the root of a tooth, typically seen with gum recession.

Tooth decay caused by radiation therapy to the head and neck, leading to dry mouth and changes in oral bacteria.

An infection of the bone, often caused by bacteria spreading from a nearby tooth infection. It occurs when the body's immune system fails to control the spread of infection, resulting in bone destruction.

Inflammation of the periosteum, the protective membrane that covers the bone. This inflammation can cause layers of new bone to form, creating a characteristic onion-ring appearance on X-rays.

Strong collagen fibers extending from the bone into the periosteum, anchoring the periosteum firmly to the bone.

The body's response to infection, which causes the periosteum to thicken and form new bone. This reaction is a sign of inflammation and can be seen on X-rays.

A specific type of periosteal reaction caused by inflammation often due to infection. The periosteum reacts by forming new layers of bone around the infected area.

A large air-filled cavity in the upper jaw bone, which can become infected if the infection spreads from a tooth.

Infection of the maxillary sinus, usually originating from a tooth infection. Symptoms include cold-like symptoms and pain around the sinus.

A hole in the floor of the maxillary sinus, allowing infection to drain into the sinus and cause odontogenic sinusitis. This can happen when an infection spreads from a tooth into the sinus.

When the infection pushes on the floor of the maxillary sinus, causing it to shift or deform. This can be seen on X-rays.

A gum abscess caused by the spread of infection from the periosteum to the gingiva (gums).

A small opening on the mandible, usually near the apex of premolars, mimicking a periapical lesion.

A small opening on the palate, usually between central incisors, that can be mistaken for a periapical lesion.

Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal - when a radiographic object moves in the same direction as the X-ray beam, it is located lingually, and if it moves in the opposite direction, it is buccally.

A test to assess the health and vitality of a tooth, especially when trying to determine if a lesion is related to a live tooth or a normal anatomical structure.

Determining if a radiolucent area is a large, normal foramen or a pathology like a cyst based on size.

A depression in the mandible where the submandibular gland sits, sometimes mimicking radiolucent lesions.

Areas within bone filled with bone marrow, sometimes appearing as radiolucent lesions.

The process of air-filled spaces in bone, like the maxillary sinus, expanding and growing.

A localized area of denser bone within normal bone tissue, often appearing radiopaque.

Inflammation of bone characterized by excessive bone formation, often appearing as a radiopaque lesion.

A localized area of increased bone density often associated with a carious tooth, appearing as a radiopaque lesion.

A rare, benign tumor composed of cementum-like material, appearing as a radiopaque lesion with a radiolucent rim.

Dense fibrous tissue that replaces bone after surgery or endodontic treatment, appearing as a radiolucent area.

A benign, developmental disorder of bone characterized by abnormal bone formation, appearing as a radiopaque lesion.

Inflammation of the bone characterized by bone destruction, making the area appear radiolucent on X-rays.

An increase in the space between the tooth and the surrounding bone, often caused by trauma or caries.

A test to assess the health and vitality of a tooth, especially when evaluating a periapical lesion.

A rare genetic condition involving skull and clavicle abnormalities, often accompanied by supernumerary teeth.

A genetic disorder characterized by an increased risk of colon cancer, multiple osteomas (bone growths), and numerous supernumerary teeth.

A lateral incisor that is unusually small and peg-shaped, often seen in cases of microdontia.

A tough membrane covering the outer surface of bones, containing cells that can produce new bone.

Infection can cause displacement, perforation, and drainage into the sinus, leading to odontogenic sinusitis.

The gradual wearing down of tooth enamel due to normal chewing forces. It's a natural process that happens over time.

Loss of tooth enamel caused by friction from foreign objects like toothbrushes, dental floss, or even biting on hard objects.

The process where the root of a tooth is resorbed (broken down) from the outside, often due to inflammation or trauma.

A type of external root resorption that occurs at the tip of the root.

A type of external root resorption that occurs near the neck of the tooth, where the crown meets the root.

The process where the root of a tooth is resorbed (broken down) from the inside, often due to trauma or infection.

Small, hard calcifications (mineral deposits) that form within the pulp chamber of a tooth.

An excessive buildup of cementum, the hard tissue that covers the root of a tooth. This can cause the root to appear abnormally large.

A non-cancerous bone defect, often found in the lower jaw, that appears as a radiolucent (dark) area on X-rays.

A bony growth that protrudes outwards from the surface of a bone.

A bony growth that occurs within the bone, often appearing as a dense, radiopaque (white) area on X-rays.

Disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the joint that connects the jaw to the skull. These can cause pain, clicking, and limited jaw movement.

A birth defect where the roof of the mouth (palate) doesn't fully close, creating an opening.

Abnormalities in the maxillary sinus, the air-filled cavity in the upper jawbone. These can affect the sinus's size, shape, and drainage.

Describes an area on a radiograph that appears dark, indicating less dense tissue, such as bone loss or infection.

Describes an area on a radiograph that appears white, indicating denser tissue like bone or tooth enamel.

The initial stage of Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia, characterized by a radiolucent appearance due to the replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue.

The final stage of Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia, characterized by a completely radiopaque appearance with a thin radiolucent rim, indicating a fully formed lesion.

A hole in the floor of the maxillary sinus allows infection to drain into the sinus.

Infection pushes the sinus floor upwards, distorting its shape.

A type of 3D imaging that uses a cone-shaped beam to create images of the head and neck. It's often used in dentistry for planning treatment and monitoring progress.

The area of the patient's head captured by the imaging beam. A smaller FOV results in higher image quality but exposes the patient to less radiation.

The smallest 3D unit in a digital image, representing a cube of tissue. Smaller voxels mean more detail and higher image quality.

Voxels with equal dimensions in all directions (X, Y, Z). This is typical in CBCT images, ensuring accurate 3D representation.

The number of bits used to represent the grayscale values in an image. Higher bit depth allows for more shades of gray and better image contrast.

Provides a more complete view of the tooth and surrounding structures, allowing for better diagnosis and treatment planning. This is especially important in cases where 2D images are limited.

CBCT primarily focuses on bone structures, while CT provides detailed views of both soft tissues and bones.

CBCT is widely used in dentistry for implant planning, periodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and surgical assessment.

CBCT images are typically viewed in three planes: Sagittal (left-right), Coronal (front-back), and Axial (top-bottom).

CT imaging allows for both soft tissue and bone window settings. Soft tissue window enhances the visibility of soft tissues, while bone window emphasizes bone details.

Voxel is a 3D pixel, representing a small volume of tissue. CBCT uses isotropic voxels (equal width, length, and height), while CT uses non-isotropic voxels.

CT delivers higher radiation doses compared to CBCT, due to longer exposure times.

CT uses multiple rotations to generate axial sections, while CBCT utilizes one 360-degree rotation.

CT relies on computer calculations for sagittal and coronal views. CBCT provides basic projections (multiple sagittal planes) that serve as the foundation for 3D reconstructions.

CT uses a fan-shaped beam, while CBCT employs a cone-shaped beam.

CT's default image is axial, while CBCT provides multiple sagittal projections as its default.

CT is often used for diagnosing and monitoring various infections, trauma, developmental anomalies, and tumors. CBCT primarily excels in implant planning, periodontics, endodontics, and orthodontics.

CBCT offers high resolution, improved image quality, and lower radiation doses compared to traditional CT.

CBCT primarily focuses on bone structures, limiting the visualization of soft tissues. It can be less accurate in diagnosing soft tissue pathologies.

Advanced imaging techniques, like CBCT and CT, continue to evolve, offering even higher resolution and precision. This leads to more accurate diagnoses, better treatment planning, and improved patient care.

Most protons within the body are aligned in low energy states, resulting in a net magnetization.

Radiofrequency waves are emitted by the MRI machine, causing protons in low energy states to absorb energy and transition to high energy states.

As protons return to their low energy states, they release energy, generating detectable signals that form the basis of MRI images.

A type of MRI sequence that highlights tissues rich in fat, such as adipose tissue.

A type of MRI sequence that highlights tissues with high water content, such as fluids.

Metallic objects can be attracted to the strong magnetic field of an MRI, posing a risk to the patient.

MRI plays a vital role in visualizing and evaluating soft tissues, which are often challenging to assess with other imaging techniques.

MRI is a valuable tool for examining the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), helping diagnose conditions like disc displacement or joint degeneration.

The ability of an imaging system to differentiate between different shades of gray. Essential for distinguishing detailed anatomical structures.

Higher bit depth allows for a wider range of shades of gray, resulting in better contrast resolution. This means finer details can be distinguished in images.

Devices that capture images in 3D. Common types include image intensifiers (spherical shape, older) and flat panel detectors (cylindrical shape, newer).

A type of 3D detector that uses a spherical volume to capture images. It's older technology.

A type of 3D detector that uses a cylindrical shape to capture images. It's newer technology and produces better quality images.

The length of time a detector is exposed to radiation. Affects signal-to-noise ratio, influencing image quality (less noise, better image).

Similar to 2D imaging, higher mA increases the amount of radiation, resulting in a stronger signal with less noise. This improves image quality but increases radiation dose.

Higher kVp improves image quality by increasing the energy of X-rays. However, this also increases the radiation dose to the patient.

Distortions or abnormalities in a CBCT image caused by factors like metal restorations, scattered radiation, or the cone beam shape.

An advanced imaging modality that uses magnetic fields to create images of tissues, mainly using the magnetic moments of protons in water molecules. It's non-ionizing and provides excellent soft tissue contrast resolution.

MRI offers advantages like no radiation exposure, excellent soft tissue contrast, and the ability to use intravenous contrast for vascular imaging.

MRI has disadvantages, including lengthy scan times, potential metal susceptibility artifacts, and claustrophobia issues.