Dental Anomalies

Study Notes

Surnumerary teeth are common in patients with cleft palate, Gardner syndrome, and cleidocranial dysplasia.
Mesiodens is the most common type of surnumerary tooth.
Premolar surnumerary teeth are more common in the mandible and usually have a normal morphology.
Paramolar and distomolar surnumerary teeth are rare, usually found in the maxilla, and have abnormal morphology.
Surnumerary teeth can delay the eruption of adjacent regular teeth and cause orthodontic problems.
They can also cause resorption and displacement of teeth and the development of odontogenic cysts or tumors.
Extraction of surnumerary teeth is desirable in the presence of clinical complications.
Dysplasia ectodermique is a rare genetic disease affecting organs derived from ectoderm.
The disease has over 200 types and can be inherited in various ways.
The most common type affects teeth, skin, hair, and sweat glands.
Dental anomalies include fusion, gemination, and concrescence.
Fusion is the merging of two teeth into one, often due to crowding or trauma.
Gemination is the splitting of a single tooth into two, more common in primary teeth.
Concrescence is the fusion of adjacent tooth roots.
These anomalies can cause aesthetic and orthodontic problems.
Cuspide de Carabelli is a common extra cusp on the first permanent upper molar.
Cuspide en talon is an extra cusp on the back of a tooth.
Dens evaginatus is a small extra tooth-like projection.
Extraction of affected teeth can be complicated due to abnormal root shapes.
Treatment options for these anomalies may include extraction or surgical correction.
Dens invaginatus affects primarily the upper lateral incisors and premolars.
Lower teeth, molars, and primary dentition are rarely affected.
The affected tooth is often dysmorphic and conoid.
It can be bilateral and symmetrical.
Dens invaginatus is classified into three types based on the depth of coronal invagination.
The affected teeth are at high risk of developing caries, pulp necrosis, and periapical inflammatory lesions.
Early detection allows for sealing the invagination and preventing caries.
Treatment options vary based on the severity and effect on tooth anatomy and pulp.
Endodontic treatment or extraction may be necessary.
The prognosis depends on the severity of the anatomical compromise.
Hypercementosis is an excess of cementum in teeth.
It can be either hypocellular or hypercellular with osteocement-like zones.
Generalized hypercementosis can be seen in Paget's disease of the bone, gigantism hypophysaire, or acromegaly.
Hypercementosis can complicate tooth extraction.
Dilaceration is an anomaly of form characterized by abnormal curvature of the dental root or crown.
It occurs when the growth of the root deviates from its initial axis.
Some cases are idiopathic, while others are due to trauma to the primary tooth and displacement of the corresponding permanent tooth germ.
Dilaceration can also be caused by physical obstacles in the eruption passage of a tooth.
It is more frequent in permanent teeth, especially in posterior teeth.
The abnormal curvature of the root is visible on radiographs.