Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does formal demography differ from population studies?
How does formal demography differ from population studies?
- Formal demography focuses on quantitative relationships among demographic phenomena in abstraction from their association with other phenomena, while population studies examine relationships between demographic events and socioeconomic phenomena. (correct)
- Formal demography examines the determinants and consequences of population change, while population studies focus on population size.
- Formal demography studies the impact of migration on population growth, while population studies analyze fertility rates.
- Formal demography relies on qualitative data, while population studies use quantitative data.
If a country's crude birth rate is 20 per 1,000 and its crude death rate is 8 per 1,000, what is the rate of natural increase?
If a country's crude birth rate is 20 per 1,000 and its crude death rate is 8 per 1,000, what is the rate of natural increase?
- 1.2% (correct)
- 0.8%
- 2.8%
- 2.0%
Which factor primarily accounts for the global variation in replacement level fertility?
Which factor primarily accounts for the global variation in replacement level fertility?
- Differences in access to healthcare.
- Cross-country differences in mortality rates. (correct)
- Variations in cultural norms regarding family size.
- Government policies on family planning.
What demographic process is defined as reproductive performance, rather than the capacity to reproduce?
What demographic process is defined as reproductive performance, rather than the capacity to reproduce?
Why is age an important factor in demographic studies, particularly in the context of HIV and AIDS?
Why is age an important factor in demographic studies, particularly in the context of HIV and AIDS?
What is the primary reason why countries and regions need to consider the HIV status of migrants when designing HIV programs?
What is the primary reason why countries and regions need to consider the HIV status of migrants when designing HIV programs?
What demographic information does a population pyramid primarily display?
What demographic information does a population pyramid primarily display?
Why do policy makers need to be sensitive to their own-country replacement rates?
Why do policy makers need to be sensitive to their own-country replacement rates?
How do age-selective deaths impact a population pyramid?
How do age-selective deaths impact a population pyramid?
How is 'population momentum' best defined?
How is 'population momentum' best defined?
Why is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV so important?
Why is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV so important?
What distinguishes 'economically active' from 'not economically active' population groups?
What distinguishes 'economically active' from 'not economically active' population groups?
How is maternal mortality ratio calculated?
How is maternal mortality ratio calculated?
Which of the following factors has a direct influence on life expectancy at birth?
Which of the following factors has a direct influence on life expectancy at birth?
What is the focus of demography as a field of study?
What is the focus of demography as a field of study?
Flashcards
Demography
Demography
The scientific study of human population, including size, growth, distribution, and determinants/consequences of change.
Formal Demography
Formal Demography
Quantitative analysis of demographic phenomena abstracted from other factors.
Population Studies
Population Studies
Analysis of connections between demographic events and socio-economic or other phenomena.
Demographic Processes
Demographic Processes
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Fertility
Fertility
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Fecundity
Fecundity
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Mortality
Mortality
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Morbidity
Morbidity
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Migration
Migration
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Population Processes
Population Processes
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Population
Population
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Population Growth/Decline
Population Growth/Decline
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Natural Increase
Natural Increase
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Population Composition
Population Composition
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Sex
Sex
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Study Notes
- Demography is the scientific study of human population, focusing on size, growth, distribution, and factors causing population change.
- Formal demography studies quantitative relations among demographic factors independent of other phenomena, related to population size/structure.
- Population studies addresses the relationships between demographic events and socioeconomic factors.
- Demographic processes include fertility, mortality, and migration.
- These processes dynamically shape demographic analysis.
- Fertility reflects reproductive performance.
- It is distinguished from fecundity, which is the capacity to reproduce.
- All fertile women are fecund.
- Not all fecund women are fertile.
- Mortality refers to deaths in a population which is one of the three basic demographic processes.
- Morbidity means the prevalence of disease in a population.
- Migration means the permanent change of residence between geographic locations.
- Together, fertility, mortality, and migration constitute population processes.
- These are the dynamic elements in demographic analysis.
- Population refers to the number of inhabitants in a specific country or region.
- Population growth or decline describes how the number of people changes over time in a particular area.
- Natural increase happens with more births than deaths occur.
- Natural increase is the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
- Population composition is defined by attributes.
- Basic attributes such as age and sex are important too.
- Past fertility, past mortality, and past migration impact population's age and sex composition.
- Age means the number of years lived.
- Age is essential when examining HIV and AIDS due to varying infection rates across age groups.
- HIV and AIDS have different influences depending on age and sex.
- Sex is is a biological attribute.
- HIV vulnerability varies by sex.
- Societal expectations influence vulnerability to infection.
- A population pyramid stands for a graphical display of population by age and sex.
- Deficits from age-selective deaths are visible in the pyramid's structure.
- Population dynamics is the study of population sizes and the factors influencing their maintenance, decline, or expansion.
- Population dynamics account for population size and composition changes over time.
- HIV and AIDS affect sizes and compositions and ares targets for change over time.
- Population momentum is the potential for future population increase already present in its age and sex composition.
- This holds true even if fertility rates decline to replacement level.
- Replacement level fertility represents the fertility rate at which a population replaces itself.
- This rate is approximately 2.1 lifetime births per woman.
- Global replacement fertility rates vary by almost 1.4 live births.
- These range from under 2.1 to nearly 3.5 children.
- These differences are attributed to cross-country mortality differences, mostly in less developed nations.
- Policymakers must consider their country's replacement rates.
- Failure to do so may result in fertility below replacement and long-term decline.
- Botswana's revised 2010 population policy highlights how alarming fertility decline is a concern.
- Reasons for concern are the small population size and rising infant mortality.
- Rapid fertility decline poses a threat of potential population decline and ageing.
- There is concern when fertility rates stay below replacement level for extended periods of time.
- Policy calls for monitoring of Botswana's fertility decline with appropriate measures to maintain rates over replacement.
- Current replacement rates are estimated at 3.08 children per woman.
- The Maternal Mortality Ratio = Number of maternal deaths during a year / the total number of live births in the same year * 100,000.
- Maternal death means the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of its termination
- It involves any cause related to the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
- The WHO (World Health Organization) promoted PMTCT for HIV positive mothers.
- PMTCT stands for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
- The aim is to avert vertical transmission of the virus.
- Life expectancy refers to the average duration of life beyond a specific age.
- Life expectancy is calculated from the life table for people who have attained that age.
- Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years an infant is expected to live.
- Life expectancy is dependent on survival rates in early childhood.
- Life expectancy is influenced by socioeconomic conditions within a population.
- HIV and AIDS can change levels of life expectancy at birth.
- Migration is the act of permanently moving to one another geographical location.
- Migration is one of the three basic demographic processes.
- People generally maintain their HIV status.
- Regions and countries must consider the HIV status when designing HIV programs.
- A household is a group of people inhabiting same residence and provide common arrangements for living.
- HIV and AIDS impacts are felt at a household level, individuals, and the population in general.
- The economically active population consists of persons who furnish supply of labor for producing economic services during a specific period.
- This population consists of those with and without jobs.
- The non-economically active population consists of homemakers, students, and public/private support recipients.
- The economically active population is impacted by HIV/AIDS at a very high rate.
- This group makes up a portion of those within the reproductive years.
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