Degrees of Freedom and Joints

• Examples of joining methods include glue (adhesive), screws (fasteners), dovetail joints (joinery), plastic bottle caps (snap-fit), and bolts with nuts (threads).

Degrees of Freedom and Joints

• Translation is the movement of an object in a straight line along an axis (x, y, or z).
• Rotation is the movement of an object around an axis.
• Degree of freedom refers to the number of independent movements an object has in space.
• A rigid body possesses 6 degrees of freedom: 3 translational and 3 rotational.
• Revolute joints allow rotation around a single axis.
• Prismatic joints facilitate linear motion along one axis.
• Cylindrical Joints enable both rotation and translation along one axis.
• Spherical joints permit rotation in all directions.
• Planar joints allow two translations and one rotation on a plane.
• Pin joints allow rotation around a single point.
• Ball-and-socket joints allow rotational movement in multiple directions.

Assembly Drawings

• Assembly drawings contain an exploded view, a parts list (bill of materials), and assembly instructions.

Reverse Engineering

• Reverse engineering involves disassembling an object to understand its workings for replication or improvement.
• Inputs are resources or materials entering a system.
• Functions are actions performed by a system.
• Outputs are the result or product of a system.
• A video game controller's input is a button press, its function is signal transmission to the console, and its output is character movement on screen.

Visual Design Elements and Principles

• The 7 visual design elements are line, shape, color, texture, space, form, and value.
• The 7 visual design principles are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity.
• A tape measure has a rectangular shape with a curved edge and is bright yellow with black accents.
• It features a smooth plastic texture with a rubber grip and visible lines on the extended tape.
• The tape measure's form is compact and ergonomic, and its weight is balanced for easy handling.
• Clear numbering emphasizes visibility and black numbers contrast against a yellow background to enhance readability.

Subsystems and Black Box Models

• A subsystem is a smaller component of a larger system that performs a specific function.
• A cell phone's black box model includes electricity and user touch as inputs.
• Its functions include processing data and transmitting signals.
• Its outputs are displaying images, making calls, and sending messages.

Product Disassembly Charts

• Product disassembly charts document product assembly, identify components, and explain the functionality of individual parts.

Closed Profiles and Fusion 360 Features

• A closed profile is a 2D shape with all endpoints connected to form an enclosed region.
• The revolve feature in Fusion 360 creates a 3D object by rotating a 2D profile around an axis.
• The sweep feature creates a 3D shape by moving a 2D profile along a path.

Modeling Approaches

• Top-down modeling involves designing parts within the context of an assembly.
• Parametric modeling uses constraints and parameters to control dimensions and relationships in a model.
• Bottom-up modeling involves designing individual components first, then assembling them.

Design for Manufacturability and Assembly

• Design for Manufacturability simplifies manufacturing and reduces production costs.
• Design for Assembly minimizes assembly steps and reduces labor time.
• The formula for complexity factor is the number of parts divided by the number of assembly steps.

Material Classification and Properties

• Materials are classified into metals (e.g., aluminum), polymers (e.g., polyethylene), ceramics (e.g., porcelain), composites (e.g., carbon fiber), woods (e.g., oak), and smart materials (e.g., shape memory alloys).
• The 6 different properties of materials are mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and chemical.