Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who defined statistics as 'the science of counting'?
Who defined statistics as 'the science of counting'?
- Boddington
- Bowley (correct)
- Seligman
- W.I.King
What is the primary focus of statistics, according to Spiegal's definition?
What is the primary focus of statistics, according to Spiegal's definition?
- Decision-making under uncertainty (correct)
- Collecting and analyzing data
- Measuring social organisms
- Estimating probabilities
What is a key characteristic of statistics, according to Prof. Horace Secrist?
What is a key characteristic of statistics, according to Prof. Horace Secrist?
- Numerically expressed, but not estimated
- Affected by a single cause
- Collected in an unsystematic manner
- Affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of statistics?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of statistics?
Who defined statistics as 'the method of judging collective, natural or social phenomena'?
Who defined statistics as 'the method of judging collective, natural or social phenomena'?
What is the primary purpose of collecting data in statistics, according to Seligman?
What is the primary purpose of collecting data in statistics, according to Seligman?
Which of the following definitions of statistics emphasizes the role of decision-making?
Which of the following definitions of statistics emphasizes the role of decision-making?
What is a key difference between a single figure and statistics?
What is a key difference between a single figure and statistics?
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Study Notes
Definitions of Statistics
- Bowley defined statistics as the science of counting, the science of averages, and the science of measurement of social organisms.
- Boddington defined statistics as the science of estimates and probabilities.
- W.I. King defined statistics as the method of judging collective, natural, or social phenomena from the results obtained by the analysis or enumeration or collection of estimates.
- Seligman defined statistics as a science that deals with the methods of collecting, classifying, presenting, comparing, and interpreting numerical data.
- Spiegal defined statistics as the scientific method for collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, and analyzing data to draw valid conclusions and make reasonable decisions under uncertainty.
- Prof. Horace Secrist defined statistics as the aggregate of facts affected by a multiplicity of causes, numerically expressed, enumerated, or estimated according to reasonable standards of accuracy, collected in a systematic manner for a predetermined purpose, and placed in relation to each other.
Characteristics of Statistics
- Statistics are aggregates of facts, meaning a single figure is not statistics.
- Statistics are affected by a number of factors, such as price, quality, competition, income, etc.
- Statistics must be reasonably accurate to avoid erroneous conclusions.
- Statistics must be collected in a systematic manner to ensure reliability.
- Statistics must be collected for a predetermined purpose.
- Statistics should be placed in relation to each other to enable comparison over time and space.
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